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11、称取0.2562gNa2CO3标准物质溶于水后,以甲基橙做指示剂,用HCl滴定,终点时用去HCl22.82ml,求此HCl浓度和T(HCl/Na2CO3)。M(Na2CO3)=106.0g/molmL/0.01124g0.106102120.021M10c21TmL/0.01124g22.800.2562VmTL/2120mol.0c1080.22c21106.00.2562Vc21Mm3CONa3HClCONa/HClHClCONaCONa/HClHCl3HClHClHClCONaCONa323232323232或2、称取含铁试样0.3000g,溶于酸,并把铁全部还原为Fe2+,用0.02000mol/LK2Cr2O7溶液滴定,用去22.00mL,计算T(K2Cr2O7/Fe2O3)和试样中Fe2O3质量分数。(MFe2O3=159.69g/mol)1316/2nn16nn-27232-2722OCrOFeOCrFe%27.70%1003000.02108.02108g.0m1000.2202000.013159.69mVc13Mm323232-272-2723232OFeOFe3OFeOCrOCrOFeOFe3、标定NaOH标准溶液时称取邻苯二甲酸氢钾(KHP)基准物质0.4925g。若终点时用去NaOH溶液23.50mL,求NaOH溶液的浓度。M(KHP)=204.2g/mol)/(1026.0)(1050.23)(112.2044925.0)()()()(11)()(3LmolNaOHcNaOHcNaOHVNaOHcbaKHPMKHPmNaOHnKHPnba4、在含0.1908g纯的K2Cr2O7溶液中加入过量的KI和H2SO4,析出的I2用Na2S2O3溶液滴定,用去33.46mL,求Na2S2O3的浓度。M(K2Cr2O7)=294.2g/mol)/(1163.0)(1046.33)(612.2941908.0)()()()(61)()(3223322322322722722322722LmolOSNacOSNacOSNaVOSNacbaOCrKMOCrKmOSNanOCrKnba5、测定工业用纯碱Na2CO3的含量,称取0.2560g试样,用0.2000mol/LHCl溶液滴定。若终点时消耗HCl溶液22.93mL,问该HCl溶液对Na2CO3的滴定度是多少?计算试样中Na2CO3的质量分数。M(Na2CO3)=106.0g/mol%94.94%1002560.093.2201060.0%100)()()/(01060.0100.1062000.02110)()(213232/323332/WHClVTCONamLgCONaMHClcTCONaHClCONaHCl6、0.5000gMgO试样中加入0.2645mol/LHCl标准溶液48.00mL,过量的HCl用0.1000mol/LNaOH回滴,用去NaOH14.35mL,求试样中MgO%。M(MgO)=40.30g/mol%38.45%1005000.02269.02269g.0m1035.141000.01140.30m121000.482645.0Vc11Mm12VcMgOMgO3MgO3NaOHNaOHMgOMgOHClHCl7、将1.000g钢样中Cr氧化成Cr2O72-,加入25.00ml0.1000mol/LFeSO4标准溶液,然后用0.01800mol/LKMnO4标准溶液7.00mL回滴过量的FeSO4,计算钢中Cr2O3%。M(Cr2O3)=152.0g/mol15')()(16)O()(42322bcKMnOnFenacCrnFen%737.4%100000.147370.0)(47370.0)(1000.701800.0500.152)O(6)()(5)O()O(61000.251000.0)()(332443232344CrgCrmCrmKMnOVKMnOcCrMCrmFeSOVFeSOc1、0.1000mol/LNH3H2O20.00ml(已知Kb(NH3H2O)=1.810-5)用同浓度的HCl来滴定,2计算未滴定前、计量点前半滴、计量点、计量点后半滴溶液pH值。选择指示剂并指明指示剂颜色变化。滴定前:NH3H2O11.13pH87.2103.lg1]OH[lgpOH103.11.0108.1cK]OH[335b计量点前半滴(0.02mL):NH3(0.02mL)+NH4+(19.98mL)26.698.190.02lg)108.lg1(14][NH]NH[lgpKpHNHNH543aNH434计量点:NH4+(0.05mol/L)28.510lg5.3]H[lgpH103.521.0108.110c'KKc'K]H[66514bwa计量点后:HCl+NH4+(0.02mLHCl)30.4pH100.540.020.020.1VVc]H[5HClHCl总突跃范围6.26~4.30;选甲基红作指示剂:黄色橙色2、0.1000mol/LHAc20.00ml(已知Ka(HAc)=1.810-5)用同浓度的NaOH来滴定,计算未滴定前、计量点前半滴、计量点、计量点后半滴溶液pH值。选择指示剂并指明指示剂颜色变化。滴定前:HAc87.2103.lg1]H[lgpH103.11.0108.1cK]H[335a计量点前半滴(0.02mL):HAc(0.02mL)+Ac-(19.98mL)75.70.0298.19lg108.lg1[HAc]]Ac[lgpKpHNaAcHAc5-a计量点:Ac-(0.05mol/L)8.725.28-14pOH-14pH28.510lg5.3]OH[lgpOH103.521.0108.110c'KKc'K]OH[66514awb计量点后半滴:NaOH+Ac-(0.02mLNaOH)70.930.414pH30.4pOH100.540.020.020.1VVc]OH[5NaOHNaOH总突跃范围7.75~9.70;选酚酞作指示剂:无色粉红色3、0.1000mol/L的邻苯二甲酸(H2A)用0.1000mol/LNaOH溶液滴定,有几个滴定突跃产生?各计量点时的pH值为多少?分别选择何种指示剂?已知pKa1=2.89,pKa2=5.51∵c·Ka1=0.1000×10-2.89=10-3.8910-8c·Ka2=0.1000×10-5.51=10-6.5110-8∴H2A可被滴定两步∵Ka1/Ka2104∴H2A不可被滴定至HA-∴只能得到一个滴定突跃,滴定至A2-计量点时:LmolOHCKOHCcOHb/100.110100.131000.0)()(][551.514244812448pH=9.00选酚酞作指示剂:无色粉红色4、称取内含不与酸作用杂质的混合碱样品5.000g,配成250.00ml溶液,取出25.00ml,用0.1000molL-1HCl滴定,以酚酞作指示剂,用去HCl14.50ml,继续用同浓度的HCl滴定,以甲基橙作指示剂,用去HCl28.30ml,问试样成份以及每种成份的含量?已知:M(NaOH)=40.01g/molM(Na2CO3)=106.0g/molM(NaHCO3)=84.01g/mol332NaHCOCONa)30mL.28(V)50mL.14(V此混合碱组成为甲酚%74.30%100000.5100.1061050.141000.0%100W00.2500.250M(CV)3CONaHCl)CONa(32323%19.23%100000.51001.841050).1430.28(1000.0%100W00.2500.250M(CV)3NaHCOHCl)NaHCO(335、某二元酸H2X(Ka1=1.410-3,Ka2=2.010-6)1)讨论酸碱滴定KHX应用什么标准溶液进行直接滴定。2)如用0.2000mol/L的标准溶液滴定同浓度的KHX20.00ml,计算滴定前pH值及化学计量点附近突跃三点的pH值。3)终点该选用什么作指示剂,终点时溶液颜色如何变化?标准溶液直接滴定。不能用作为碱:标准溶液直接滴定。可用作为酸:HCl10104.1102.0cKNaOH10100.22.08314b2862acK70.8310.02lg02.098.19lgpKpH28.4pH10100.2104.1KK]H[6a228.4632aa1计量点前半滴:滴定前:00.10pH1040.020.020.2000][OH35.9pH101000.0100.210][OH4-65.4614-计量点后半滴:计量点:选酚酞作指示剂:无色粉红色6、0.1000mol/LHCl滴定Na2CO3,有几个滴定突跃产生?各计量点时的pH值为多少?分别选择何种指示剂?已知:H2CO3Ka1=4.2×10-7,Ka2=5.6×10-118714241114132104.2102.410108.1106.510bbKKCONa4218281101010bbbbKKcKcK应有两个单独突跃第一计量点:HCO3-921108.4][aaKKHpH=8.31选酚酞作指示剂第二计量点:H2CO341103.1102.404.0][7acKHpH=3.89选甲基橙作指示剂1.用pH玻璃电极测定pH=5.0的溶液,其电极电位为+0.0435V;测定另一未知试液时电极电位则为+0.0145V,电极的响应斜率每pH改变为58.0mV,求此未知液的pH值。用pH玻璃电极测定pH=5.0的溶液,其电极电位为+0.0435V;测定另一未知试液时电极电位则为+0.0145V,电极的响应斜率每pH改变为58.0mV,求此未知液的pH值。[答]E=K-0.058pH+0.0435=K-0.058×5(1)+0.0145=K-0.058pH(2)解(1)和(2)式则pH=5.52.25℃时测得下述电池的电动势为0.251V:Ca2+离子选择性电极︱Ca2+(aCa2+=1.00×10-2mol/L)‖SCE(1)用未知溶液(离子强度相等)取代已知Ca2+活度的溶液后,测得电池的电动势为0.279V,问未知液的pCa是多少?(2)假定未知液中有Mg2+存在,要使测量误差≤1%,则Mg2+的活度应在什么范围内?(已知:2,1022MgCaK)?25℃时测得下述电池的电动势为0.251V:Ca2+离子选择性电极︱Ca2+(aCa2+=1.00×10-2mol/L)‖SCE(1)用未知溶液(离子强度相等)取代已知Ca2+活度的溶液后,测得电池的电动势为0.279V,问未知液的pCa是多少?(2)假定未知液中有Mg2+存在,要使测量误差≤1%,则Mg2+的活度应在什么范围内?(已知:2,1022MgCaK)?解:(1)2'2.303lgCaRTEKcnF'-20.251=K-0.02958lg(1.0010)K’=0.251+0.02958×(-2)=0.192(V)02958.0/)279.0(;lg02958.0279.0''2KpCaaKCap
本文标题:《分析化学》计算题答案
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