高三语法专题复习(时态、语态)

Derek-语法专题复习Strikewhiletheironishot.趁热打铁。1动词及动词时态一.动词分类1.连系动词be,appear,seem,become,get,turn,grow,go,come,look,feel,smell,taste,sound,remain,keep,stay,continue:后面接形容词,名词,分词,副词,介词短语作表语.2.及物动词vt.后接宾语,如:tell,ask,spend,help,pass,give,visit,learn,finish…3.不及物动词vi.后面不接宾语,但可接状语.如:run,jump,work,go,wait,come4.助动词:在句子中不作谓语,只能和实义动词一起构成谓语,用来表示时态,否定,疑问,强调等语法形式.如:do,be,have.5.情态动词后接动词原形。二.动词时态:高考动词时态共有十种1.一般现在时的用法1)经常性或习惯性的动作,现在的状态,特征.常与表示频度的时间状语连用:often,sometimes,usually,always,seldom,inthemorning,everyday,onSunday等.1.I（leave）homeforschoolat7everymorning.2.Thefatheraswellashis3children____(go)skatingonthefrozenrivereverySundayafternoon.2)表示客观真理,客观存在,科学事实.Theearth（move）aroundthesun.Shanghai（lie）intheeastofChina.Water（boil）at100centigradedegrees.3)格言或警句中。Pridegoesbeforeafall.骄者必败。注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例如：Columbusprovedthattheearthisround.一般现在时表将来/进行在时间,让步或条件状语从句中。（主将从现）Wedon’tknowifBill_______us.Ifhe____us,we’llfinishourworkontime.(help)2.一般过去时的用法（考查重点）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有:yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982。Whereyou（go）justnow?I（see）Tominthestreetyesterday.3.一般将来时1．将来时的构成为will/shall/begoingto＋动词原形。表示一个将要发生的动作或状态。“Givemeasupportivepoint，”Archimedesoncesaid，“andaplacetostand—andI(move)theworld.”阿基米德曾说：“给我一个支点，我就可以撬动地球。”4.现在进行时1.现在进行时的构成为am/is/are＋doing。表示某阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事，常与thesedays,thisweek等时间状语连用。例如：a.Wearewaitingforyou.b.ProfessorSmith,alongwithhisassistant,____________ontheprojectdayandnighttomeetthedeadline.(work)2.与always,constantly,forever等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。Youarealwayschangingyourmind.5.过去进行时1）过去进行时的构成为was/were＋doing。表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。---YouwereoutwhenIdroppedinatyourhome.---Oh,I____________aftermysickmother.(look)2)常用的时间状语有:thismorning,thewholemorning,alldayyesterday,fromninetotenlastevening,when,while1.Itwasrainingwhentheyleftthestation.2.---What’swrongwithyourcoat?---JustnowwhenIwantedtogetoffthebus,themannexttome___onit.(sit)6.过去将来时过去将来时由“should或would+动词原形”构成。过去将来时表示从过去的某时间看将要发生的动作或状态.常用于宾语从句中。例如：1.Lilysaidtherewouldbeaconcertthatevening.2.Theywonderedwhenweshouldfinishourwork.Derek-语法专题复习Strikewhiletheironishot.趁热打铁。27.将来进行时将来进行时的构成为will＋be＋doing。表示将来某一时刻或阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。①Ifeelsoexcited!AtthistimetomorrowmorningIwillbeflyingtoShanghai.(2015·池州二模)我觉得特别兴奋！明天早晨这个时候我就要飞往上海了。②TheplacesofinterestinXi’anattractmyfamilyallthetime,andIhopewewillbeenjoyingourselvesthistimenextyear.(2015·陕西五校模拟)西安的名胜古迹一直吸引着我们一家人，我希望明年的这个时候我们正玩得愉快。8.现在完成时的用法现在完成时的构成为have/has＋done。表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束，或者过去发生的动作对目前的影响。现在完成时常用for和since表示一段时间的状语或常与uptonow,sofar,already,yet,now,recently,inthepastfewyears,just,sincethen等表示时间的词连用。I____________（sit）forhoursintheclassroom,readinganovel.Theweather____________（be）coldsofarthiswinter.I____________(notfinish)myhomeworkyet.Itisthethirdtimethatyou____________(be)lateforworkthisweek,isn’tit？在“It(This)isthefirst/second/third...time＋that从句”中，that从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。9.过去完成时：①过去完成时的构成为had＋done。表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语(before,after,by,uptill)，这种时态从来不孤立使用。Bytheendoflastyearwe____________(build)fivenewhouses.I____________(learn)5000wordsbeforeIenteredtheuniversity.10.现在完成进行时现在完成进行时的构成为have/has＋been＋doing。表示过去的动作持续到现在并有可能延续下去，常和for，since引导的时间状语连用。①—Tony,whyareyoureyesred?—I____________(cut)uppeppersforthelastfiveminutes.(2014·江西)——Tony，为什么你的眼睛那么红啊？——在过去的5分钟里，我一直都在切辣椒。②You____________(say)youcansucceedforfiveyears.五年来你一直在说你能成功。动词语态当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式叫主动语态。句子的主语是动作承受者时，谓语的形式叫被动作语态。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来,也有用get/become+过去分词表示被动语态。Wheremencontrolthehousehold,lessmoney___(spend)onhealthcareandfood,whichresultsinpoorerhealthforchildren.Jonny：Bepatient！TaiChi____(call)“shadowboxing”inEnglish.[2014·辽宁卷]I.单句语法填空1．(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)It________(be)unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.2．(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)Aboyonabike_________________(catch)myattention.3．Pahlssonandherhusband________(search)thekitchen,checkingeverycorner,butturnedupnothing.[2017·浙江卷]4.Soitwasagreathonourtobeinvitedbackstageatthenot-for-profitPandaBase,whereticketmoneyhelpspayforresearch,I______（allow）togetupclosetothesecuteanimalsatthe600-acrecentre.[2016·全国卷I]5.Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow(be)oftenacceptable.[2016·全国卷Ⅱ]6.Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand(be)tooviolentforuseatthetable.7.Inrecentyears,stress_________________(regard)asacauseofawholerangeofmedicalproblems,fromhighbloodpressuretomentalillness.[2016·上海]8.Thegiantpanda(love)bypeoplethroughouttheworld.[2016·四川]9.Then,aftertwoandahalfyears,themother(drive)theyoungpandaaway.[2016·四川]10.ItwasraininglightlywhenI________(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.[2015·全国卷Ⅰ]II..单句改错1．(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)Sincethen—foralltheseyears—wehadbeenallowingtomatoestoself­seedwheretheyplease.2．(2014·浙江)Beforelong,atraininspectorcomestocheckourtickets.3．(14·辽宁)Besides,Cleotendstobarkanaverageofsixhoursaday.Thismorningshestartsbarkingevenbefore5o’clock.4．(2013·全国卷Ⅱ短文改错)TeainChinawastraditionallydrankfromcupswithouthandles.5．Whenyouinvited,itisgoodmannerstorefuseoraccepttheinvitation,eitherbywritingorbytelephoning.