非限制性定语从句完整版

GrammarTheRestrictiveandNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClauseTheoldmanhasason,whoisinthearmy.Theoldmanhasasonwhoisinthearmy.非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句这位老人有一个儿子，在部队工作。（隐含的意义：只有一个儿子）这位老人有个在部队工作的儿子。(隐含的意义：也许老人还有其他的儿子，在干别的工作)Jimdoesn'tliketoaskquestionswhichmakehisteacherangry.Jimdoesn'tliketoaskquestions,whichmakeshisteacherangry.限制性定语从句吉姆不喜欢问使老师生气的问题。（which修饰questions）非限制性定语从句吉姆不喜欢问问题，这让老师很生气。（which修饰前面的整个句子）a)Shehastwobrotherswhoareworkinginthecity.她有两个在这个城市工作的弟弟。(Shehasmorethantwobrothers.)b)Shehastwobrothers,whoareworkinginthecity.她有两个弟弟,他们在这个城市工作。(Shehasonlytwobrothers.)品味一“翻”下面两个句子只有一个逗号之差,意义大相径庭。a)Hewillwearnoclotheswhichwillmakehimdifferentfromothers.他不会穿一些使他显得与众不同的衣服。b)Hewillwearnoclothes,whichwillmakehimdifferentfromothers.他不穿衣服,这会使他显得与众不同。非限制性定语从句构成：+,+关系词先行词Shehastwobrothers,(whoareworkinginthecity).+其他部分Conclusion•1.限制性定语从句与先行词关系（A:密切;B:松散），是先行词(A:可缺少;B:不可缺少)的部分,去掉它，主句意思(A:不明确;B:明确.)翻译时,从句先译,“…的”•2.非限制性定语从句是对先行词的补充说明,去掉（A:会影响;B:不会影响）主句的意思。翻译时，主句先译，从句单独成句．ABAB非限制性定语从句中关系词的指代关系指人指物在定语从句中的作用WhoWhomWhichwhose√√主语主语宾语定语√√√宾语指代整个主句关系副词(where,when)的指代关系指地点指时间在定语从句中的作用WhereWhen√√时间状语地点状语that,why不能在非限制性定语从句中使用。tip介词+which限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句表意功能形式修饰____修饰_____或_______无____与主句分开有____与主句分开使用时可以用that引导与主句语意关系___(紧凑/松散)，定从___(不能/能)删除与主句语意关系___,定从___删除使用时不能用____引导紧凑不能松散能整个句子逗号逗号that当我们做非限制性定语从句的练习时,往往先确定先行词,然后再分析先行词在从句中的作用,再对关系词加以选择。整理一番1.Ilovethebook(which)Iboughtyesterday.2.ThisgiftwastheAmberRoom,whichwegavethisnamebecauseseveraltonsofamberwereusedtomakeit.•关系代词在限制性定语从句中作____时可以省略。•关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可以____。宾语省略3.Amiddle-agedwomankilledherhusband,whichfrightenedmeverymuch.4.Afive-year-oldboycanspeaktwoforeignlanguages,whichsurprisesallofus.大多数定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语,而有时非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句,此时非限制性定语从句常由_____引导。which5.Shehasmarriedagain,whichdelightedus．6.Spidersarenotinsects,asmanypeoplethink.=(Asmanypeoplethink,spidersarenotinsects.)as(译为__________)引导的非限制性定语从句的位置比较灵活,可位于所修饰的句子之后,句中或句首;而由which(译为________________)引导的非限制性定语从句一般不位于句首。“正如……”“这”或“这件事”7.Thisisthegirlwhom/whoImetinthestreet.8.Ayoungmanhadanewgirlfriend,whomhewantedtoimpress.关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用___代替，但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时只能用______。（指人）whowhomAs“正如、像……一样”位置可放在主句前面，也可放在后面。而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后，且无“正如”之意。试比较下面两个句子。Hewentabroad,__________wasexpected.Hewentabroad,__________wasunexpected.aswhich当从句是否定句或表示否定意义时，只能用which引导。从句与主句的关系从句的作用从句是否可以去掉是否运用逗号读时是否停顿翻译时的区别先行词的形式从句是否可以修饰句子关系代词Which/Who在从句中做宾语时是否可以省略Whom在从句中做宾语时是否可以用that或who代替That的运用关系副词Why的运用两类定语从句的区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句从句与主句的关系密切疏松从句的作用修饰说明先行词，限制作用附加、补充说明，不起限制作用从句是否可以去掉不能，删除后影响整个句意的表达能是否运用逗号不运用运用逗号读时是否停顿不停顿停顿翻译时的区别常翻译为定语，“……的”常翻译为两个独立的句子先行词的形式名词、代词名词、代词、句子从句是否可以修饰句子不可以可以，从句由which或as引导。as可位于所修饰的句子之后,句中或句首;而由which不能位于句首。限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句关系代词who，whom，whose，that，whichwho(做主语)，whom（做宾语），Whose，whichWhich/Who在从句中做宾语时是否可以省略可省略（that在从句中做宾语时也可以省略）不可省略Whom在从句中做宾语时是否可以用that或who代替可代替不可代替That的运用可以用that不可用that关系副词When，where，WhyWhen，whereWhy的运用可以用Why用forwhich替代Why错漏“摆”出1.PeopleareexcitedtomeetZhaiZhigang,hewasthefirstChinesetowalkinspace.2.ManyChinesewillneverforgetMay12th,2008,whenabigearthquakehappenedinSichuanthen.3.WhichisshownonTV,manychildrensufferedalotfromthepollutedmilk.hewhothen去掉WhichAs错漏“摆”出4.ChinagotthemostgoldmedalsintheOlympics,thatmakespeopleexcited.5.IdreamofgoingtoBeijing,whichthe29thOlympicGameswasheld.thatwhichwhichwhere/inwhichcompetitionTask1:Fillintheblanksusingwhich,as,when,who,whom,where,when,why,that.(1)StPetersburgisaverybeautifulcity,_____wasoncecalledLeningrad.(2)InXi’an,Imetateacher,____hasastrongloveforculturalrelicsandtookmetovisitthehistorymuseum.whichwho(3)Idon’trememberthesoldier,____toldmenottotellanyonewhatIhadseen.(4)Mygrandfatherwasachildthen,____peopledidn’tpaymuchattentiontoculturalrelicsintheolddays.(5)Theymovedtheboxestoamine,_____theywantedtohidethem.whowhenwhere(1)Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbuttheway_____________hesaidit.(2)We’rejusttryingtoreachapoint_____bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.(06山东）(that/inwhich)whereTask2:Practice.(3)___isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.(4)Thisistheveryhouse_____helived.(5)Nextwinter,_____youwillspendinHarbin,I’msure,willbeanotherexcitingholiday.(6)That’sthereason____hewaslate.Aswherewhichwhy(7)Thepicturesbroughtthedaysbacktotheold_____theyswamintheriver.(8)Robertandhissongs___werefamousintheU.S.arealsopopularinChina.(9)Theyarealwayssmoking,_____ofcourse,willdoharmtotheirhealth.(10)Thesituation_____youusethewordsisveryclearinfact.whenthatwhichwhere1.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,__wasmorethanwecouldexpect.AwhatBwhichCthatDit2.___isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsaroundtheearth.AItBAsCThatDWhat3.HaveyouseenthefilmTitanic,____leadingactorisverypopular.AitsBwhatCthatDwhose4.RecentlyIboughtavase,____wasveryhigh.AwhichpriceBitspriceCthepriceofwhichDthepriceofwhose5.___ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsintheseniorschoolsisincreasing.AwhichBAsCThatDIt6.Tangshanwashitbyearthquake,from__effectsthepeoplewerestillsuffering.AthatBwhoseCthoseDwhat