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Bythetime•bythetime意为“到……时候(为止)”,是一个介词短语,在句中经常起连词作用,引导时间状语从句。它的主要用法如下:1.如果从句中的谓语动词是一般过去时,那么主句中的谓语动词通常用过去完成时,表示“截止到从句动作发生时,主句动作已经完成,即过去的过去”。例如:Bythetimehewasfourteenyearsold,Einsteinhadlearnedadvancedmathematicsallbyhimself.•到14岁的时候,爱因斯坦就已经自学完了高等数学。Bythetimehereturnedhome,therainhadstopped.等他回到家时,雨已经停了。•BythetimeIgottothestation,thetrainhadalreadygone。Bythetimelgothome,theyhadalreadyleft。•BythetimeIreceivedhisletter,hehadleftShanghai.•Bythetimehewas12,hehadtraveledtomorethan30countriestogethisdiseasescured.•2.如果从句中的谓语动词为一般现在时/或现在完成时(表示将来),那么主句中的谓语动词常为将来完成时,表示“截止到将来某一时间为止,主句动作将已经完成”。BythetimeJohnfinisheshishomework,hisclassmatesshallhavelefttoplayfootball.•到约翰做完作业时,她的同学将已离开去伦踢足球了。Bythetimeyougetback,Ishallhavefinishedthework.•到你回来时,我将已经把活做完了。BythetimeIgethome,theywillhaveleft。•BythetimeIgraduatenextyear,Iwillhavelivedherefor5years.•到明年毕业时,我就在这里呆了五年了。•BythetimetheOlympicGamesstart,wewillhavefinished/finishtheconstruction.我收到他信时,他已经离开上海了.•3.如果主句动作不强调已经完成,只是说明某个时候的状况,(主句是be的系表形式或者是表示像know,find,believe等表示认知的持续性动词,则往往用一般时态,不用完成时态。)此时主句不用完成时,而应根据实际需要选用适当的时态,此时bythetime相当于when。例如:•Hewasoutofbreathbythetimehereachedthetop.登上顶端时,他气喘吁吁。Bythetimethebuscame,somanypeoplewerewaitingthatitwasafreefighttogetonit.公共汽车来的时候,等车的人很多,成了一场挤车的混战。•Bythetimehewentabroad,hewasfourteen.出国那年他14岁。•Bythetimeherealizeshehaswalkedintoatrap,it'llbetoolateforhimtodoanythingaboutit•Bythetimethewarwasover,deathandsufferingweretobeseeneverywhere.•在战争结束的时候,到处可见死亡和饥饿。这里没有“死亡和饥饿”已经完成的意思,只是描述当时这个时间点的状况。所以用过去时。•Bythetimewearrivedthemeetingwasover.我们到达时,会议已结束了。•Theinjuredmanwasfairlyfargonebythetimetheambulancearrived.•救护车到时那伤者已生命垂危.•Bythetimeheisten,hehasoutgrownhisolderbrother.•他十岁的时候就已经长得比他哥哥高了。•1.(2005天津卷)BythetimeJanegetshome,heraunt_____forLondontoattendameeting.A.willleaveB.leaves•C.willhaveleftD.left•[解析]答案为C。从getshome可知Jane还未回到家,等到Jane在将来的某个时间回到家以前,她的aunt将已经赴伦敦参加一个会议去了,故用将来完成时。•Bythetimeyouhavefinishedthisbook,yourmeal___cold.(2012四川卷)•A.getsB.hasgotC.willgetD.isgetting•4.(2009北京卷)WhenItalkedwithmygrandmaonthephone,shesoundedweak,butbythetimewe_____up,hervoicehadbeenfulloflife.A.werehangingB.hadhung•C.hungD.wouldhang•[解析]答案为C。当我与祖母通电话时,她听起来很虚弱,但是当我们挂断电话的时候,她的声音已经充满活力。bythetime后的主句用了过去完成时,因此空档处最好用一般过去时。•5.(2011辽宁卷)BythetimeJackreturnedhomefromEngland,hisson_____fromcollege.A.graduatedB.hasgraduated•C.hadbeenD.hadgraduated•[解析]答案为D。截止到Jack从英国返家,他的儿子已经大学毕业了。回家用了一般过去时,大学毕业发生在过去的过去,故用过去完成时。•1.Bythetimeyouarrivehome,I_____,sopleasedon’tmakeanynoisewhenyoucomein.A.shallhavebeensleeping•B.shallhaveslept•C.shallsleepD.shallbesleeping2.BythetimeyouarriveinLondon,we___inEuropefortwoweeks.A.shallstayB.havestayed•C.willhavestayedD.havebeenstaying•3.Hurryup!Bythetimewegettothechurch,themarriageservice_____.A.hadstartedB.willhavestarted•C.hasstartedD.musthavestarted•4.―DidyouseeXiaoLiattheparty?―No,_____bythetimeIarrived.A.she’dleftB.she’sleft•C.shewasleftD.shemustleave5.BythetimeIsawtheangryexpressiononhisface,I_____whatIhadtoface.A.knewB.haveknown•C.wouldknowD.hadknown•(2008四川卷)Thetelephone_____,butbythetimeIgotindoors,itstopped.A.hadrungB.wasringingC.ringsD.hasrung•[解析]答案为B。进门之前电话铃一直在响,但当我进门的时候,它停止了。but前面分句的动作是先发生的,而且延续的时间较长,故用wasringing。•(2008山东卷)Bythetimeherealizeshe_____intoatrap,it’llbetoolateforhimtodoanythingaboutit.A.walksB.walkedC.haswalkedD.hadwalked•[解析]答案为C。主句用了一般将来时,根据时态一致原则排除B和D。根据句意“截止到他意识到的时候,他已经走进了一个陷阱”可知,空档最好填现在完成时。
本文标题:by-the-time-的用法
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