老子--全英文介绍

11/17/2019•Hislife•DaoismasPhilosophyoflaozi•DaoDeJing•PhilosophicalandReligousDaoism11/17/2019•LuXunsaid:ChinarootsdeepinTaoism.IfonewantstocomprehendChinesehistoryandculture,onemustcomprehendTaoismfirst.11/17/201911/17/2019LiEr(李耳)BoYang(伯阳)LiDan(李聃)ElderDan(老聃)SeniorLord(老君)SeniorLordLi(李老君)SeniorLordTaishang(太上老君)TaoistLordLaoZi(老子道君)SupremeMysteriousandPrimordialEmperor(太上玄元皇帝)Names11/17/2019LifeofLaozi•Home:QurenVillage,LITownship（厉乡曲仁里）,KuCountyinthestateofChu,inpresentdayLuyi（鹿里）,HenanProvince•Career:librarian(图书管理员),•archivist(案卷保管员）,•grandscribe（太史）•oldage：resignedfromofficialpostandlivedinseclusion(隐居）11/17/201911/17/201911/17/2019Story:孔子适周，将问礼于老子。Once,ConfuciuswenttoZhouandconsultedwithLaozionritualmatters.11/17/2019老子曰：“良贾深藏若虚，君子盛德、容貌若愚。去子之骄气与多欲，态色与淫志，是皆无益于子之身。”Laozi'sresponsewasacritiqueofConfucius'steachings.LaozitellsConfuciustogiveuphisstiffdeportmentandpridefulairs.孔子去，谓弟子曰：“鸟，吾知其能飞；鱼，吾知其能游；兽，吾知其能走。走者可以为罔，游者可以为纶，飞者可以为矰。至于龙吾不能知，其乘风云而上天。吾今日见老子，其犹龙邪！”ConfuciusisreportedtohavepraisedLaozi’swisdomandtohavecomparedhimtoadragonwhoseabilitieswerebeyondhisunderstanding.11/17/2019Conclusion:1.HewasanarchivistorlibrarianattheroyalcourtofZhou;2.HewasvisitedbyConfuciusandtalkedaboutrites;3.Hepreachedtheretirementfromtheworld;4.Heleftthecourt,wrotetheDaodejing,anddisappearedwithoutatrace.11/17/2019•Work：DaoDeJing《道德经》•Achievement：esteemedasaphilosopherbyConfucianists;asaint(圣人)orgodbythecommonpeopleofChina;adivinity(神)andtherepresentativeoftheDao•idea:DialecticalThought(辩证法思想)Noninterference(无为而治)•Thedualcultivation(性命双修)11/17/2019Daoism:PhilosophyofLaoziDaoDeJinghasbeenstudiedbyliterarycriticsforcenturies,andhaveinfluencedeveryaspectinourlife11/17/2019①Tao/Daotheimageofahairy,humanheadafootwalkingthewayoftheancients11/17/2019—Taoisundefinable,unlimited,andunnamable.道可道，非常道;名可名，非常名。无名，天地之始;有名，万物之母。—《道德经》第一章TheTaothatcanbetoldofisnottheeternalTao;Thenamethatcanbenamedisnottheeternalname.TheNamelessistheoriginofHeavenandEarth;TheNamedisthemotherofallthings.Thefeaturesof“Tao”:11/17/2019TaogavebirthtotheOne;theOnegavebirthsuccessivelytotwothings,threethings,uptothenthousand.道生一，一生二，二生三，三生万物11/17/2019DialecticalThought(辩证法思想)Fortruly,beingandnot—beinggrowoutofoneanother;Difficultandeasycompleteoneanother.Longandlowdetermineoneanother.Pitchandmodegiveharmonytooneanother.Frontandbackgivesequencetooneanother有无相生，难易相成，长短相形，高下相盈，音声相和，前后相随，恒也11/17/2019InTaotheonlymotionisreturning;Theonlyusefulquality,weakness.Forthoughallcreaturesunderheavenaretheproductsofbeing,beingisitselfistheproductofNon-being反者道之动；弱者道之用。天下万物生于有，有生于无。11/17/2019ManyofLaozi’senlighteningviewsarebasedonhisphilosophyofnaturalness(自然主义)andnon-action（无为）.11/17/2019Naturalness自然主义；顺其自然Itreferstoanaturalstateofbeing,anattitudeoffollowingthewayofnature.Laoziemphasizedthateverythingintheworldhasitsownwayofbeinganddeveloping:birdsflyinthesky,fishswiminthewater,flowersbloomandflowersfall.Headmonishedpeopletogiveuponanydesirestocontroltheworld.11/17/201911/17/2019★Waternourisheseverythingbutcontendsfornothing.水善利万物而不争。★Waternourisheseverythingbutcontendsfornothing.水善利万物而不争。老子的《道德经》第八章：“上善若水。水善利万物而不争，处众人之所恶，故几于道。居善地，心善渊，与善仁，言善信，政善治，事善能，动善时。夫唯不争，故无尤。”11/17/2019★Thegreatestvirtueislikewater.“上善若水”意为最高境界的善行就像水的品性一样，泽被万物而不争名利。上善：至善，最完美；水：这里喻指与世无争的圣人。达到尽善尽美的境界，就和圣人差不多。水有滋养万物的德行，它使万物得到它的利益，而不与万物发生矛盾、冲突，故天下最大的善性莫如水。11/17/2019最高的善像水那样。水善于帮助万物而不与万物相争。它停留在众人所不喜欢的地方，所以接近于道。上善的人居住要像水那样安于卑下，存心要像水那样深沉，交友要像水那样相亲，言语要像水那样真诚，为政要像水那样有条有理，办事要像水那样无所不能，行为要像水那样待机而动。正因为他像水那样与万物无争，所以才没有烦恼。11/17/2019★Nothingintheworldisweakerthanwaterwhenitcomestobreakingsomethingstrong.天下莫柔弱于水，而攻坚强者莫之能胜。Waterisatypicalexampleoftheweakwinningoverthestrong.Waterisinvinciblebecauseitdesiresnothingandcontendsfornothing.11/17/2019★Awareofthestrong,oneshouldremainweak.Oneshouldstartwithone’sownweakpoints,accumulatingstrengthbykeepinglow,justaswaterdoes.Givingupthedesiretoflauntone’ssuperiorityisthebasicwaytoprosperity.★Remainingweakisnotonlythewaytoprosperity,butalsothewaytopreservinglife.11/17/2019Definition:Wuxingisasystemoffivephasesusedfordescribinginteractionsandrelationshipsbetweenphenomena.Wuxing“五行”11/17/2019Therelationshipbetweenthefiveelements:WoodfeedsFire;FirecreatesEarth;EarthbearsMetal;MetalcarriesWater;WaternourishesWood.TheGeneratingCycle11/17/2019Therelationshipbetweenthefiveelements:WoodpartsEarth;EarthabsorbsWater;WaterquenchesFire;FiremeltsMetal;MetalchopsWood.TheOvercomingCycle11/17/2019Definition:TheBagua(八卦)areeighttrigramsusedtorepresentarangeofinterrelatedconcepts.Eachconsistsofthreelines,eacheitherbrokenorunbroken,representingayinlineorayangline,respectively.Duetotheirtripartitestructure,theyareoftenreferredtoastrigramsinEnglish.Bagua“八卦”乾Qián☰兌Duì☱離Lí☲震Zhèn☳巽Xùn☴坎Kǎn☵艮Gèn☶坤Kūn☷11/17/2019SourcesofBagua•Fuxibagua(伏羲八卦)orEarlierHeaven(先天八卦）TheLimitless(Wuji)producesthedelimited,andthisistheAbsolute(Taiji).TheTaijiproducestwoforms,namedyinandyang.Thetwoformsproducefourphenomena,namedlesseryin,greatyin(taiyinalsomeanstheMoon),lesseryang,greatyang(taiyangalsomeanstheSun).Thefourph