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定义(语态)动词和参与此动作的主语之间关系的一个术语。当主语是动作的发起者(或之一)时,称为主动语态;如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者,不定式一般要用被动语态形式。如:It'sagreathonourtobeinvitedtoMary'sbirthdayparty.(不定式作主语是被动语态tobeinvited是被邀请)Itwasimpossibleforlosttimetobemadeup.(不定式作主语)Iwishtobesenttoworkinthecountry.(不定式作宾语)Canyoutellmewhichisthecartoberepaired?(不定式作定语)Hewenttothehospitaltobeexamined.(不定式作状语)Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.(不定式作表语)在Therebe结构中,修饰主语的不定式可用被动,也可用主动。如:Therearestillmanythingstotakecareof(tobetakencareof).但有时两种形式表达的意思不同,如:Thereisnothingtodonow.(Wehavenothingtodonow.)Thereisnothingtobedonenow.(Wecandonothingnow.)形式1)现在式:一般现在时表示的动词,有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。一般为:动词+todosthHeseemstoknowthis.Ihopetoseeyouagain.=IhopethatI'llseeyouagain.我希望再见到你。2)完成式:表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。I'msorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.Heseemstohavecaughtacold.3)进行式:表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。Heseemstobeeatingsomething.4)完成进行式:Sheisknowntohavebeenwreakingontheproblemformanyyears.一般在表示情绪的动词后加todo也表将来疑问词疑问词who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式构成不定式短语,在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。如:①WhentoleaveforLondonhasnotbeendecidedyet.(不定式在句子中做主语)②Mr.Smithdidn'tknowwhethertoleaveorstaythere.(不定式在句子中做宾语)③IaskedProfessorXuhowtolearnEnglishwell.(不定式在句子中做直接宾语)④Thequestionwaswheretogetthemedicineneeded.(不定式在句子中表语)以上例句中疑问词+不定式部分,均可转换为相应的从句形式。如:①Whenweshallleave…③…howIcouldlearn……经常在这种结构中使用的动词有:consider,decide,discover,explain,findout,forget,hear,know,learn,observe,understand,wonder等。作主语动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种:(1)把不定式置于句首。如:Togettherebybikewilltakeushalfanhour.骑自行车到那儿将花费我们半个小时。Tomakeupforlosttimeisnotpossible.要弥补失去的时光是不可能的。Toleanoutofthewindowisdangerous.身子探出窗外很危险。Tosavemoneynowseemsimpossible.现在好像不可能存钱。(2)用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中。如:①It+be+名词+todoIt'sourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold.照顾老人是我们的责任。Itisanoffencetodroplitterinthestreet.在马路上乱丢废物是违章的。②Ittakessb+sometime+todoHowlongdidittakeyoutofinishthework?你花了多少时间来完成这项工作?③It+be+形容词+forsb+todoItisdifficultforustofinishwritingthecompositioninaquarterofanhour.我们难以在四分之一小时内完成这篇作文。Itisstupidofyoutowritedowneverything(that)theteachersays.你把老师说的所有东西都记下来的行为是很愚蠢的。④Itseems(appears)+形容词+todoItseemedimpossibletosavemoney.在句型③中,常用表示客观情况的形容词,如:difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary等;在句型④中,常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等表示赞扬或批评的词。在不定式前的sb,可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sbis+形容词+todo句式,如:It'skindofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish.=YouarekindtohelpmewithmyEnglish.⑤It+不定式结构可位于believe/consider/discover/expect/find/think和wonder之后Hethoughtitwouldbesafertogobytrain.他认为乘火车比较安全。Hewillfinditishardtomakefriends.他会感觉到交朋友困难。⑥不定式的完成式也可作句子的主语Tohavemadethesamemistaketwicewasunforgivable.两次犯同样的错误是不可原谅的。Itisbettertohavelovedandlostthannevertohavelovedatall.爱过而后失去了爱,比从未爱过要好。(3)举例(1)It'seasy(forme)todothat.我做这事太容易了easy,difficult,hard,important,possible,impossible,comfortable,necessary,better;thefirst,thenext,thelast,thebest,toomuch,toolittle,notenoughIt'ssonicetohearyourvoice.听到你的声音真高兴。It'snecessaryforyoutolockthecarwhenyoudonotuseit.当你不用车的时候,锁车是有必要的。(2)It'sverykindofhimtohelpus.他帮助我们,他真好。Kind,nice,stupid,rude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless,brave,considerate(考虑周到的),silly,selfish(自私的)例句:Itwassillyofustobelievehim.我们真愚蠢,竟然相信了他。Itseemedselfishofhimnottogivethemanything.他不给他们任何东西,这显得太自私了。注意:(1)其他系动词如,look,appear等也可用于此句型(2)不定式作为句子成分时,动词用单数形式。(3)当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用Itis…to…的句型(对)Toseeistobelieve.眼见为实。(错)Itistobelievetosee.作宾语1)以下动词后,只能跟不定式作宾语afford(付得起),agree(同意),aim(力求做到),appear(显得),arrange(安排),ask(要求),attempt(试图),care(想要),choose(决定),claim(声称),condescend(屈尊),consent(准许),decide(决定),demand(要求),determine(决心),endeavor(竭力),expect(期待),fail(未履行),help(帮助),hesitate(犹豫),hope(希望),learn(学会),manage(设法),neglect(疏忽),offer(主动提出),plan(计划),prepare(准备),pretend(假装),proceed(接着做),promise(答应),prove(证明),refuse(拒绝),resolve(解决),seem(觉得好像),swear(发誓),tend(往往会),threaten(预示),undertake(承诺),volunteer(自愿做),vow(发誓),want(想要),wish(希望)举例:Thedriverfailedtoseetheothercarintime.司机没能及时看见另一辆车。Ihappentoknowtheanswertoyourquestion.我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。2)动词+疑问词+不定式decide,know,considerforget,learn,remember,show,understand,see,wonder,hear,findout,explain,tellPleaseshowushowtodothat.请演示给我们如何去做。Therearesomanykindsoftape-recordersonsalethatIcan'tmakeupmymindwhichtobuy.有这么多的录音机,我都拿不定主意买哪一种。注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时,谓语动词用单数。Thequestionishowtoputitintopractice.问题是怎样把它付诸实施。3)当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时,先用形式宾语it代替不定式,把不定式置于补语之后,即:主语+动词+it+补语+todo句式。如:Wethinkitquiteimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguagewell.Hefeelsithisdutytohelpthepoor.IfinditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.作补语1)动词+宾语+不定式(todo)常见动词:advise,allow,believe,cause,challenge,compel,declare,encourage,forbid,force,find,hire,induce,instruct,invite,like,order,permit,persuade,remind,request,require,select,send,suppose,tell,train,urge例句:a.Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。b.Webelievehimtobeguilty.我们相信他是有罪的。2)to+be的不定式结构,作补语的动词。常见动词:Acknowledge,believe,consider,think,declare(声称),discover,fancy(设想),feel,find,guess,judge,imagine,know,prove,see(理解),show,suppose,take(以为),understandWeconsiderTomtobeoneofthebeststudentsinourclass.我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。3)tobe+形容词常见动词:Seem,appea
本文标题:动词不定式用法-经典例句总结
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