高中英语选修6虚拟语气详解

2019/11/18虚拟语气SubjunctiveMoodGrammar语法虚拟语气陈述语气Iwenttothetheatreyesterday.祈使语气Let’sgo.虚拟语气IfIwereyou,Iwouldnotleaveheralone.一.语气的分类英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。2019/11/18虚拟语气：表示说话人所说的话不是事实,而是一种假设,愿望,怀疑或推测。一、if引导的虚拟条件句特殊的虚拟条件句：含蓄式，错综式，Ifonly引导的感叹句二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法(wish与wouldrather后的宾语从句)三、虚拟语气在asif/though从句的用法四、虚拟语气在It’stimethat中的用法五、在表示要求建议命令的词后从句用虚拟语气if引导的虚拟条件句IfIwereaboy,IwouldrolloutofbedinthemorningandthrowonwhatIwantedandgo.IfIwereaboy,Iwoulddrinkbeerwiththeguysandchaseaftergirls.IfIwereaboy,IwouldkickitwithwhoIwantedandI'devergetconfrontedforit,becausethey'dstickupforme.if条件句中的谓语动词主句的谓语动词动词用过去形式(be动词用were)should/would/could/might+动词原形1.对现在的虚拟IfIwereyou,Iwould/could/should/mightdothat.IfIhadmoney,Iwould/could/should/mightbuythathouse.如果上天能够再给我一次机会,我会对那个女孩说：“我爱你”。IfIhadonemorechance,Iwouldsaytothegirl“Iloveyou”.---Whatwouldyoudoifyouwonthelottery(彩票)?---IfIwonthelottery,Iwouldbuy…表示与现在事实相反的假设IfIwonthelottery,Iwouldbuyanexpensivecar.IfIhadalotofmoneynow,Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld.if条件句中的谓语动词主句的谓语动词haddoneshould/would/could/might+havedone2.对过去的虚拟IfIhadknownthatyesterday,Iwould/could/should/mighthavetoldyou.Ifshehadn’teatensomuchcandy,shewouldn’thavehadherteethpulledout.Ifhe__________morecarefully,he_________________thecaraccidentyesterday.haddrivenwouldnothavehadIfI________howtoswim,I__________________trappedinthisisland.hadlearntwouldnothavebeenif条件句中的谓语动词主句的谓语动词1.动词过去式(be动词用were)2.should+动词原形3.wereto+动词原形should/would/could/might+动词原形3.与将来事实相反的假设Ifitshouldrain,thecropsshould/would/could/mightbesaved.Ifhegotupearlytomorrow,hewouldbeontime.IfIbecameweretobecomeshouldbecomeascientistinthefuture,对将来情况的虚拟：Iwouldtrytofindacureforcancer.时间if条件句谓语主句谓语现在过去将来Fillintheblankswould/could/should/might+动词原形动词过去式(be动词用were)had+过去分词would/could/should/might+have+过去分词would/could/should/might+动词原形1.动词过去式2.should+动词原形3.wereto+动词原形1.Iftheworld-warbrokeoutagain,what_______________(happen)toourpeopleonearth?2.What_____________(happen)ifyou__________________________________(getup)toolatetomorrow?3.IfI___________(meet)youyesterday,we_____________(go)totheconcerttogether.weretogetup/gotup/shouldgetupwouldhappenhadmetwouldhavegonewouldhappen对现在假设对将来假设对过去假设Ifonly…!要是…该多好…；常用来表达未成实现的愿望。(结构的时态向前推一个时间段)（1）表达现在或将来不可能实现的愿望，用过去时(be动词用were)：IfonlyIwere10yearsyounger!要是我年轻10岁该多好！（2）表达过去不可能实现的愿望，用haddone：IfonlyIhadfollowedMr.Liu’sadvice!要是听了刘老师的话该多好啊！（3）表达将来不可能实现的愿望，用would/coulddo.(不用should)IfonlyIwouldflyintotheskyoneday!如果有朝一日我能飞上天该多好！特殊的虚拟条件句：Ifonly引起的感叹句。主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做错综时间条件句。Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.（从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。)特殊的虚拟条件句：错综时间条件句Ifthestaffhadbeenmorecareful,themall(购物中心)wouldnotbeonfirenow.（从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。)有时假设的情况并不以条件状语从句的形式出现，而是用一个介词短语或其他方式表示，这样的句子叫含蓄条件句。常用来表示含蓄虚拟条件的词和短语有：without(如果没有……)，butfor(要不是……的话)，butthat(要不是……)，otherwise(或or)(要不然)等。特殊的虚拟条件句：含蓄条件句注意：这些词或短语引出的句子，一般相当于一个If引导的条件状语从句，剩余的句子，相当于虚拟条件句的主句，结构与虚拟条件句的主句一样。otherwise(或or)例外。without(如果没有……)butfor(要不是……的话)butthat(要不是……)otherwise(或or)+虚拟条件句的主句结构它们引导的句子相当于从句；剩余部分用主句结构。Withoutwater，therewouldbenolife.如果没有水，就没有生命。(现在)Butforyouradvice，Iwouldhavefailed.(过去)＝Ifyouhadn’tgivenmeadvice，Iwouldhavefailed.如果不是有你的建议，我会失败的。Butthatshewasafraid，shewouldhavesaidno.=Ifshehadnotbeenafraid,…要不是她害怕的话，她就会说“不”了。Hewasverybusyyesterday，otherwisehewouldhavecometotheparty.(过去)他昨天太忙了，否则的话，他就会来参加聚会了。二.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法1.在动词wish后的宾语从句中,表达过去、现在或将来不大可能实现的愿望，用虚拟结构(结构的时态向前推一个时间段)。1)表示对现在情况的虚拟:从句动词用过去式(be动词一律用were)。IwishIwereastallasyou.（现在）Iwisheverydayweremybirthday.IwishIhadn’teatensomuchwatermelon.(2)表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用“had＋过去分词”。Thepartywasterrible,IwishIhadnevergonetoit.(3)表示将来不大可能实现的愿望:从句动词形式为“would/could/might＋动词原形”。(不用should)Iwishyouwould/could/mightcomesoon.但愿你立刻来。Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.2.wouldrather(that)现在：过去：将来：Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.过去时过去时过去完成时在表示“坚持”、“命令”、“建议”、“要求”等后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。这类动词有人归纳为:一个坚持(insist)、两个命令(order,command)、三个建议(advise,suggest,propose)、四个要求(demand,require,request,ask)这类虚拟语气由“should+动词原形”构成，1.Theteachersuggestedthatwe(should)havearest.2.Itissuggestedthathe(should)cometoseeus.表语从句宾语从句3.Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)readEnglishnewspaperstoimproveourEnglish.主语从句3.Mysuggestionthatwe(should)readEnglishnewspapersisveryimportant.同位语从句asif/asthough后面的结构与wish后的宾语从句相同(结构的时态向前推一个时间段)由asif(asthough)引导的状语从句或表语从句,从句谓语形式为动词的形式：过去式(be用were)（现在）“had＋过去分词（过去）would/could/might+动词原形（将来）三、虚拟语气在asif/asthough后面的用法(不用should)Hebehavesasifheownedthehouse.ShetalksaboutRomeasthough/ifshehadbeenthereherself.Shelookedasifshewouldcry.IfeltasifIhaddonesomethingwrong.It’s(about/high)time+(that)…should+V.过去时你该走了。我们该去睡觉了。It’stimethatyouwent.It’stimethatyoushouldgo.It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.(Should不可省略)四、虚拟语气在It’stimethat中的用法