大学英语AB级重点语法结构

精心整理大学英语A/B级重点语法结构一、时态与语态二、情态动词三、动词不定式四、分词（分词作状语，分词的独立结构，分词短语作定语和补语，with结构，动名词）五、定语从句六、状语从句七、虚拟语气八、主谓一致九、倒装句十、强调句十一、反义疑问句十二、代词十三、形容词和副词一、时态与语态考察重点：▲过去完成时：常和before,after,until,when等引导的时间状语从句连用，其谓语动作一般表示过去。（bythetime/theendof）+表示过去时间的短语或句子。hardly/scarcely+过去完成时+when+过去时；nosooner+过去完成时+than+过去时▲现在完成时和现在完成进行时状语词组：thisday(week,month,year),sofar,forsometime,uptonow,uptothepresent,allthisyear等。▲将来完成时：常和before,until,when,after等词连用，其谓语动作一般表示将来。by(thetime/endof)+表示将来的时间或句子。1)Bytheendofthismonth,wesurely____asatisfactorysolutiontotheproblem.A.havefoundB.willbefindingC.willhavefoundD.arefinding2)Itseemsoil____fromthispipeforsometime.We’llhavetotakethemachineapartt精心整理oputithigh.A.haveleakedB.isleakingC.leakedD.hasbeenleaking3)theconference____afullweekbythetimeitends.A.musthavelastedB.willhavelastedC.wouldlastD.haslasted4)Untilthen,____hisfamilyfromhimforsixmonths.A.didn’thearB.hasn’tbeenhearingC.hasn’theardD.hadn’theard二、情态动词情态动词测试重点：▲should(oughtto)+have+p.p.（应该发生而没有发生的事情）▲might(could)+have+p.p.（过去可能发生而没有发生的事情）▲must+have+p.p.(对过去事件的推论)只用于肯定句。否定句用can’t,can.1)Theroomisinaterriblemess;it__________cleaned.A.can’thavebeenB.shouldn’thavebeenB.mustn’thavebeenD.wouldn’thavebeen2)Withallthisworkonhand,he____tothecinemalastnight.A.mustn’tgoB.wouldn’tgoC.oughtn’tgoD.shouldn’thavegone三、动词不定式考察重点：不定式的完成式，进行式和被动式。1）Mrs.Brownissupposed____forItalylastweek.A.tohaveleftB.tobeleavingC.toleaveD.tohavebeenleft2)I’dratherreadthanwatchtelevision;theprogramsseem____allthetime.精心整理A.togetworseB.gettingworseC.tohavegotworseD.tobegettingworse3)Thisbookissaid_____intodozensoflanguagesinthelastdecade.A.tohavebeentranslatedB.totranslateC.tobetranslatedD.tohavetranslated四、分词（现在分词和过去分词）(一)分词作状语当分词作状语时，其逻辑主语一般须与句子的主语保持一致，表示时间、原因、条件、方式、让步和伴随。现在分词和主句中的主语有主动关系，过去分词和主句中的主语有被动关系。1）Michaelusedtolookhurtandsurprisedwhen______.A.scoldingB.toscoldC.havingscoldedD.scolded2)_____suchagoodchance,heplanedtolearnmore.A.TobegivenB.HavingbeengivenC.HavinggivenD.Giving3）Heated，waterchangesintosteam.(时间状语)当受热时，水就变成了蒸汽。4）Notknowinghowtodealwiththeproblem,Iturnedtotheteacherforhelp.（原因）由于不知道如何处理这个问题，我向老师求助。5）Beingill,thegirlstillcametoclassyesterday.（让步）虽然病了，这个女孩仍然来上课了。6）Hisfatherdied,leavinghissonnothing.（结果）他父亲死了，给他的儿子什么都没留下。（二）分词的独立结构精心整理当分词短语作作状语时，其逻辑主语一般与句子的主语不一致，分词短语前需带其本身的逻辑主语，构成分词的独立结构，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随情况等。1）Hisvoice_______，hesaidhewastooupsettosayanymore．A）shake??????B）beshakingC）wasshakingD）shaking2）Wintercoming,itgetscolderandcolder.?冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。3）Moretimegiven,weshouldhavedoneitmuchbetter.如果给我们更多的时间，我们会做得更好。4）Herworkdone,shesatdownforacupoftea.?她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。（时间）5）Theconditionbeingfavorable,hemaysucceed.（条件）若条件有利，他或许能成功。6）Therebeingnotaxis,wehadtowalk.（表示原因）没有出租车，我们只好步行。7）Almostallmetalsaregoodconductors,silverbeingthebestofall.（伴随情况）?几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体(三）分词短语作定语和宾补1）Themanagerpromisedtokeepme____ofhowourbusinesswasgoingon.A.tobeinformedB.oninformingC.informedD.informing2)Thefirsttextbook_____forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.writtenB.tobewrittenC.writingD.beingwritten3)Theinjuredworkersarenowbeingtakengoodcareofinthehospital.(前置定语---被动意义)4)Theyarecleaningthefallenleavesintheyard.（完成意义）5)Whoweretheso-calledguestsinvited(=whohadbeeninvited)toyourpartylastnight?（后置定语）6)Tellthechildrenplayingoutsidenottomaketoomuchnoise（四）With+名词（代词）+V-ed/V-ing1).?Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork_______,hegladlyacceptedit.精心整理A.finished????????????B.finishingC.havingfinished??????D.wasfinished2).Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise_______.A.goingon??????????????????B.goesonC.wenton???????????????????D.togoon(五)动名词考察重点只跟动名词的动词：risk,finish,miss,mind,avoid,dislike,enjoy,practice,admit,hate,escape,appreciate,consider,deny,fancy,favor,delay,suggest,imagine,mention,postpone,excuse,involve,confess,include,acknowledge,understand,To作介词后面接ing分词常见几个词组：beaccustomedto,beusedtodoing,devoteoneselftodoingobjectto,lookforwardto状语从句1)Theyareconsidering____beforethepricesgoup.A.ofbuyingthehouseB.withbuyingthehouseC.buyingthehouseD.tobuythehouse2)it’snouse____menottoworry.A.youtellB.yourtellingC.foryoutohavetoldD.havingtolddifficultytroublehaveagood/hardtime(in)+v-ingnobusinessplease(六)定语从句考察重点：▲that,as,when,where,which,whose引导的定语从句精心整理▲名词/代词/数词/形容词比较级和最高级+of+which/whom▲介词+which/whose/whom1)Achild____parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.A.whoB.who’sC.whoseD.which2)Thetrain____shewastravelingwaslate.A.whichB.whereC.onwhichD.inthat3)Someoftheroadswereflooded,___madeourjourneymoredifficult.A.whichB.itC.whatD.that4)Hehastwosons,___workaschemists.A.twoofwhomB.bothofwhomC.bothofwhichD.allofwhom5)____mightbeexpected,theresponsetothequestionwasveymixed.A.AsB.ThatC.ItD.What(七)状语从句考察重点：1）时间状语从句的名词词组：theminute,themoment,thesecond,everytime,theday,theinstant2)原因状语从句的连词：as,seeingthat(),inthat,consideringthat,forthereasonthat,nowthat,giventhat,because,since,as,for3)目的状语从句：lest,incase,inorderthat,forfearthat,forthepurposethat4)条件状语从句：as/solongas,unless，onlyif,providing/providedthat（假若）,supposethat,incasethat,onconditionthat，assumingthat，（假定），suppose/supposingthat（假使）5）比较状语从