2017-9-30--英语写作1-chapter-2-general-words-and-speci

Choiceofwords/DictionChoiceofwordsUsesuitablewordsGeneralwordsandspecificwordsAbstractwordsandconcretewordsLevelofwordsUsesuitablewordsEg.Theskinnywomanslinkedin.瘦的皮包骨头的女人溜了进来。Theslenderwomanglidedin.一位苗条的淑女飘然而至。Theyshouldadoptamore____approachandinvestigatealternativeusesfortheirproperty.Designingsiliconchipstomimichumanorganssounds____.(fanciful,imaginative)Malcolmisa____andrealisticbusinessman.The_____criminalisdifficulttotrackdown.(cunning,shrewd)Theyhaveplentyofmoneynow,buttheystilltendtobe_____.She'stoo_____tomakeadonation.(thrifty,mean)Thecommitteeexpressedthankstoeveryonefortheir_____donations.Woulditwouldbetoo______tobuyboth?(extravagant,generous)ThePrimeMinisterappearedrelaxedand____ofwinninganoverallmajority.It's_____ofyoutoassumeyou'llwineverytime.(confident,arrogant)Childrenare_____abouttheoriginofmankind/thestructureofatoms.I'vealwaysfoundherunbearably____.(curious,inquisitive,nosey)Alltheseconsiderationsmadehimevenmore_____toleadtheworldtowardarmsreduction.Theconservativesshow____resistancetoreform.(determined,stubborn)TheMeaningofWordsThemeaningofawordhastwoaspects:denotativeandconnotative.Aword’sdenotationiswhatitliterallymeans,asdefinedbythedictionary;itsconnotationisthefeelingorideasuggested/impliedbyit.ThreeaspectsofconnotationNegativeneutralpositiveDisapprovingapprovingDerogatoryUnfavorablefavorableNote:1)Whenusingaword,youfirstneedtobesureaboutaword’sdenotation,otherwisemistakeswillbeunavoidableinyourspokenorwrittencommunication.Eg.CollegeEnglishspeechcontestprizepromulgationceremony2）greaterconcernshouldbeshowedforconnotationsofaword.Onewordmayhaveseveralconnotations.Thesamethingmayhavedifferentconnotativemeaningsindifferentculturalcontexts.Eg.thecolorwordyellowmaystimulateusChineseandanEnglishnativespeakertothinkofdifferentthings.WordswiththesamedetonationbutdifferentconnotationsComplimentaryDerogatoryNeutralpublicservantbureaucratgovernmentemployeefinancierspeculatorinvestorlawofficercoppolicemanlegalconsultantlobbyistspokesmanlaborleaderunionbossunionofficialcaptainofindustrytycoonsuccessfulbusinessmaninvestigatorspydetectivecaptivejailbirdprisonerTheMeaningofWords(1-1)country,nation,state,landcountry----referstoanareaoflandanditspopulationandgovernmentnation----thepeopleofacountrystate----thegovernmentorpoliticalorganizationofacountryland----moreliteraryandemotivecountryTheMeaningofWords(1)anislandcountry;neighbouringcountriesInareaChinaisthethirdlargestcountryintheworld.apeace-lovingnation;theawakeningnationsofAfricaTheMeaningofWords(2)Themodernizationprogrammehaswonthesupportofthewholenation.stateorgans;state-ownedenterprisesChinaismynativeland.TheMeaningofWords(2)big,large,hugebig----acommonwordlarge----slightlymoreformalandmaybeusedtodescribethingsthatareunusuallybig,soitismoreemphaticthanbighuge----moreliterarythanthesetwowords,meansextremelylargeandismoreemphaticthanlargeTheMeaningofWords(3)abig/largecity;abig/largehouseWuhanisaverylargecityinCentralChina.Theteamhasgotahugemanovertwometrestall.TheMeaningofWords(3)small,littleinterchangeable,differentinemotionalcoloringbetweenthemsmall----objectivelittle----afeelingoffondnessTheMeaningofWords(3)Theylivedinasmalltown.IcanneverforgetthelittletownwhereIspentmyhappychildhood.TheMeaningofWords(4)modest,humblebothalackofpride,differentintonemodest----avirtue,laudatoryhumble----notavirtue;oftenconnotesundueself-depreciation;derogatoryTheMeaningofWords(4)Modestandhardworking,hemadeveryquickprogressatschool.ClearlyGomperswasoverawedbyWilson.Hisfacetookonaservilelook;hisvoicewashumble.Ex__Diction(1)Ineachsentences,choosethemorepreciseofthetwoinitalics,andexplainyourreasons.1.Afewlistenersweredisinterested/uninterestedanddozedoff.2.Thoughshehasgrownup,herbehaviorisoftenchildlike/childish.Ex__Diction(2)3.Iamquitejealous/enviousofyouropportunitytostudyatsuchafamousuniversity.4.Herclothes,thoughmadeofcheap/inexpensivematerial,arequiteelegant.5.Iamsorrytorefuse/declineyourinvitation.Ex__Diction(3)6.Hewassurprised/shocked/stunnedtofindthatlittlesisterhadbecomeapretty,slim/skinnyyoungwoman.7.Thisservilemanwasespeciallymodest/humblewhenhewastalkingwithhissuperiors.Ex__Diction(4)8.Thishomely/uglyoldmanisawell-knownmusician.9.Myunclebecamefat/stoutashegrewolder.10.Isthatold/elderlywoman/ladysittingonthebenchyourmother?Ex__Diction(1-5)11.Theenemytroopsweredrivenbackwhentheyattempted/triedtocrosstheborder.12.Theyallfeltsympathy/pityforthevictimsofthedisasterandmadedonations.13.EmpressDoeagerCixiwasfamous/notoriousforhercruelty.GeneralwordsandspecificwordsGeneralword-agroup/classSpecificword-amemberofthatclassAttention:Thisclassificationofwordsintogeneralorspecificisrelativeintheirreference.GeneralandSpecificwordsSpecificwordsprovideprecise,sensory,orconcretedetails.Generalwordsconveyinexact,intangible,andoftenabstractconcepts.Comparativelyspeaking,generalwordsaremorevagueandabstractinmeaningthanspecificwords.Professionals,forinstance,ismoregeneralthanscientists,doctors,teachers,law