初三上被动语态的讲解和练习.doc

1初三上被动语态的讲解和练习主动语态:主语是动作的执行者从初中阶段所学主动语态为五种基本句型1．主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P)此结构不可用被动语态。(正)Theflowerssmellsweet.(误)Theflowersaresmeltsweet.2．主语+不及物动词(S+V)此结构不可变被动语态。(正)Anaccidenthappenedlastnight.(误)Anaccidentwashappenedlastnight.3．主语+及物动词+宾语(S+V+O)（1）将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语Childrenoftensingthissong被动语态Thissongbychildren.被动语态:主语是动作的承受者被动语态的结构:主语(承受者)+be+及物动词过去分词+by+执行者+其它（2）将含有介词或副词的动词短语变为被动结构时，不可将介词或副词去掉。主动语态:Welistentotheteacherscarefully.被动语态:Theteacherstocarefully.(一)▲一般现在时的被动语态结构：主语(承受者)+be（am/is/are）+及物动词过去分词+by+执行者+其它1）.Hehelpsme.被动语态:Iby.2).Wecleantheclassroom.被动语态:Theclassroomby.3).ManypeoplespeakEnglish.被动语态:Englishby.1)灯关了：Thelightsareturnedoff。变否定句：一般疑问句：肯定回答：否定回答：2)地扫了：Theflooriscleaned。变否定句：一般疑问句：肯定回答：否定回答：注：①by+,但代词用。②也可不强调执行者（可省去）歌诀：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。Practice1:1).Thestudentscleantheroomeveryday.被动语态:2).PeopleallovertheworldknowtheGreatWall.2被动语态:3).Mysistertakessomepictureseveryday.被动语态:Practice2:用所给词的正确形式填空。1.Allthepeople___________（laugh）athim.→Hewas___________（laugh）atbyallpeople.2.They___________（make）thebikesinthefactory.→Thebikesare___________（make）bytheminthefactory.(二)▲一般过去时的被动语态结构：主语(承受者)+be（was/were）+及物动词过去分词+by+执行者+其它1）.TomvisitedtheSummerPlacelastyear.被动语态:否定句：2）.ThomasEditoninventedmanythings.被动语态:一般疑问句：肯定回答：否定回答：3）.Kateboughtadressjustnow.被动语态:Practice:被动语态1)Thebuiltanewzoolastyear.2)Thethievesstoleherwatch.3)Hedidn’twaterthetreesyesterday.4）Whendidtheymakethebus?注：①by+,但代词用。②也可不强调执行者（或省去）4．主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO)（1）.将表人的间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变。主动语态:Heshowedusapicture.被动语态:Weapicture.主动语态:Myparentsboughtmeadictionary.被动语态:Iadictionary.（2）.将指物的直接宾语变为主语，要在间接宾语前加介词to或for.常用加to的动词give,show,pass等常用加for的动词buy,get,make,sing,draw等主动语态:Heshowedusapicture.被动语态:Apictureus.3主动语态:Myparentsboughtmeadictionary.被动语态:Adictionarymebymyparents.口诀：如遇双宾语，最好变间宾。如若变直宾，bedone后加to(或for)Practice:1)Myfathergavemeanewbookonmybirthday.→Ianewbook（bymyfather）onmybirthday.（间接宾语作了主语）→Anewbookme（bymyfather）onmybirthday.（直接宾语作了主语）2)Fatherboughtmeanewcoat.→Ianewcoat.（间接宾语作了主语）→Anewcoatme.（直接宾语作了主语）5．主动语态:主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+C)被动语态中把宾语变为主语①宾语补足语为动词不定式时findsb.todosth.如：want,tell,ask,warn,allow,teach,invite等。Myfatheraskedmetogohome.被动语态:Tom’smotherallowedhimtogooutintheday.被动语态:②宾语补足语为不带“to”不定式时，如makesb.dosth,类似的动词为make,see,hear,watch等，后接变被动语态时要加上“to”。1)主动语态:Isawhimfalloffthetree.被动语态:Hefalloffthetree.2)主动语态:Hemademestandoutside.被动语态:→Ioutside（byhim）.3)主动语态:Isawhimplayfootball.被动语态:→Hefootball（byhim）但helpsb.(to)dosth.可以口诀：宾补动词真奇怪，to在句中像妖怪。主动句中to走开，被动句中to回来。Practice:⑴Hetoldmetofinishtheworkyesterday.被动语态:⑵Isawhimplaythepiano.被动语态:⑶Shemadehavearest.被动语态:*6.be+过去分词并非都是被动语态，系动词be,feel,seem,look,等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，作表语用，表示某种状态。而被动语态强调动作，重点说明动作由谁完成。试比较：Thewindowisbroken.窗子破了。（系表结构）Thewindowisbrokenbyhim.窗子被他打破了。（被动语态）4过去分词作作表语时可以被等程度副词so,very,too修饰,而被动语态则不能用so,very,too修饰，而需用修饰。试比较：I'mveryinterestedinmaths.我对数学有极大的兴趣。（系表结构）IwassomuchsurprisedatthescenethatIdidn’tknowwhattodo.我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊，不知所措。（被动语态）▲7.当sell,wash,clean,run,,rode,wear,write等动词若有状语well,easily,badly来修饰时，用主动语态来表示被动含义。Thewoman'sclothessellwell.女装卖的快。Thisbooksellsbest.这本书很畅销.Thispenwriteswell.这支钢笔写字流畅8．以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动语态时要注意语序：应将主动句中的疑问代词该为介词by的宾语，但任然放在句首。例如：Whohasbrokenthecup?（改为被动语态）→Bywhomhasthecupbeenbroken?(三)一般将来时的被动语态结构：主语(承受者)+shall/willbe+及物动词过去分词+by+执行者+其它主语(承受者)+be(am,is/are)goingtobe+及物动词过去分词+by+执行者+其它1)Theywillplantsometreesnextspring.被动语态:一般疑问句：肯定回答：否定回答：2)Ishallmakeaplanetomorrow.3)Heisgoingtoflyakitethisafternoon被动语态:否定句：Practice:被动语态1)Weshallvisitthezootomorrow.2)Katewillbuysomeflowersintwohours.3)Theyaregoingtovisitedthepark.▲（四）含有情态动词的被动语态(may,can.must,should，need,oughtto)结构：主语(承受者)+情态动词+be+及物动词过去分词+by+执行者+其它1）Youmustfinishyourhomework.2)Michaelcan’trepairthewindow.4)Weshouldtakecareofourparents.歌诀：情态动词变被动，情态加be加“过分”，原来带to要保留。5Practice:被动语态1)Imaybuyatoy.2)Youshouldn’tcarrythebox.3)Theycanplaythepiano.4）Yououghttotakeitaway.5）Theyshoulddoitatonce.其他被动语态：现在进行时：主语(承受者)+am,is,are+being+及物动词过去分词+by+执行者+其它例如：Anewbridgeisbeingbuiltinmyhometown.Theproblemisbeingdiscussedbythestudents.过去进行时:主语(承受者)+was/were+being+及物动词过去分词+by+执行者+其它现在完成时：主语(承受者)+have/hasbeen+及物动词过去分词+by+执行者+其它例如：Hashisworkbeenfinished?Wehaven’tbeeninvitedtotheparty.初中教材中与被动语态相关的句型有：1.becoveredwith被……覆盖2.bemadeof由……制作（发生物理变化）bemadefrom由……制作（发生化学变化）bemadein由（某地）制造bemadeby被（某人）制造3.beusedfor被用来……beusedas被当作（作为）……来使用beusedtodosth.被用来做某事4.Itissaidthat…据说……Itishopedthat……希望……Itiswellknownthat…众所周知……例如：①—Yourcoatlooksnice.Isit_________cotton?—Yes.It’s________Shanghai.A.madeof;madebyB.madeof;madeinC.madefor;madebyD.madefor;madein②Thismachineisused______theroomwet.A.forkeepingB.askeepingC.keepD.tokeeping③据说在南京长江上又在建一座桥。thatabridgeisbeingovertheChangjiangRiverinNanjing.小小练习（）1.Basketball_____afterschooltwiceaweek.A.isplayedB.willbeplayedC.wasplayed6（）2.Alift______togoupanddowneveryday.A.isusedB.areusedC.beused（）3.Shoes____intheshoplastyear.A.wassoldB.issoldC.weresold（）4.Inthisgametheirhands__________.A.notbeseenB.benotseenC.can’tbeseen（）5.Thesemooncakes_______alreadybyMary.A.willbeeatenB.haven’tbeeneat