虚拟语气课件(经典)

SubjunctiveMoodWemetinthisroom.DocometothemeetingnextFriday.IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyhard.陈述语气祈使语气虚拟语气虚拟语气•虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、愿望等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。虚拟语气的概念一、非真实条件句（if等）中的虚拟语气1.时态一致2.错综时间的虚拟句3.if省略用倒装句4.含蓄条件句5.Ifonly感叹二、名词性从句的虚拟语气：宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句三、几种特殊的虚拟语气句式wish、asif/though、wouldrather、It’stime…It’snecessary/strange/matural/inportant+that从句1)IfIwereabird,Iwouldflyinthesky.2)IfIhadtakenyouradvice,Iwouldn’thavemadethemistake.3)IfIhadbeenthere,itwouldn’thavehappened.•4)Ifitrainedtomorrow,wewouldnotgoshopping.1.IfIhad5000yuan,Iwouldbuyacomputer.（与现在事实相反）2.IfIwereabird,Iwouldflyinthesky.3.IfIhadtakenyouradvice,Iwouldn’thavemadeamistake.4.Ifhehadbeenthere,itwouldn’thavehappened.（与现在事实相反）（与过去事实相反）一、虚拟语气在条件句中虚拟条件句主句与现在事实相反的假设与过去相反的假设与将来相反的假设If+主语+动词的过去式（动词be用were)主语+should,would,might,could＋动词原形If+主语+had+过去分词主语＋should,would,might,could＋havedone1、If+主语+动词过去式2、If+主语+wereto+动词原形3、If+主语+should+动词原形主语＋should,wouldmight,could＋动词原形小小顺口溜虚拟语气并不难,从句时态都提前,主句would加在前，注意动词要还原。（省略if要倒装）e.g.1）IfIwereinyourshoes,Iwouldaccepttheterms.2）Ifwehadleftearlier,wewouldn’thavemissedthetrain.3）IwishIwereascleverasyou1)IfIwereabird,Iwouldflyinthesky.2)IfIhadtakenyouradvice,Iwouldn’thavemadethemistake.3)IfIhadbeenthere,itwouldn’thavehappened.•4)Ifitrainedtomorrow,wewouldnotgoshopping.•5)Hewasshakingwithfrightasifhehadseenaghost.a.Ifthey____(be)here,they__________(take)youradvice.b.Iftheworld-war_____(burst)outagain,what_____________(happen)toourpeopleonearth?werewouldtakeburstwouldhappenPRACTICE1:Fillintheblanks.Ifhe__________（drive）morecarefully,he_________________(nothave)thecaraccidentyesterday.haddrivenwouldnothavehad2、错综时间的虚拟句通常情况下,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的,但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式.1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice.(从句指现在,主句指过去)。2.IfIhadtakenmyraincoatwithmethismorning,Iwouldnotbewetnow.(从句指过去,主句指现在)。虚拟语气3、省略if的条件从句当从句中有were,had或should时，可省略if，而把它们放在句首。•IfIweretomeethimtomorrow,Ishouldaskhimaboutit.WereItomeethimtomorrow,…•Ifheshouldfailintheexperimentthistime,hewouldtryagain.Shouldhefailintheexperiment…Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.虚拟语气在在条件从句中Hadyoucomeafew….4.without,butfor，or和otherwise构成虚拟。butfor要不是，or否则（含蓄条件句）1.）Withoutsunlight,therewouldbenolifeonourplanet.2.）Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavefinishedthework.3.）Iwasillthatday.otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeet.(副词)4.）Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.(连词)2.用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。insist,order,command,suggest,advise,propose,require,request,demand,desireetc.Wesuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.Theyinsistedthattheboy(should)gowiththem.注意：suggest当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist表示”坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述语气。Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意．那个人坚持说他没有偷钱．在suggestion/proposal/order/plan/advice/idea/request等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用“should＋动词原形”should可以省略．（2）用于表语从句和同位语从句Myideaisthatwe(should)thinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.Mysuggestionthatwe(should)haveameetinghasbeenacceptedbyothers.Weallagreetothatsuggestionthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.二.名词性从句的虚拟语气。主要是表示命令、要求、建议的虚拟语气。1.宾语从句。常见动词：一个坚持：insist两个命令：order,command三个建议：advise,suggest,propose五个要求：demand,require,request,desireask这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中注意:insist/suggest各有两意思，要用不同的语气①表“坚决要求”,虚拟,should+do;②表“坚称,坚持说”,陈述语气,表事实。①表“建议”，虚拟,should+do;②表“表明、暗示”，用陈述语气。1.Theteachersuggestedthatwe______________moreafterclass.（我们课后多练习）2.Thelookonherfacesuggestedthatshe________happy3.Heinsistedthatallofus___________thereontimebyanymeans.（我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿）4.Heinsistedthathe_____________thewallet(没有偷钱包).insistsuggest(should)practisewasshouldbedidn’tsteal我们建议Tom去休息一下。他坚决要求我到场。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。WesuggestedthatTomhavearest.HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.Thekingorderedthattheprisonersbekilledthenextday.Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendthemtoworkthere.以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。即：(should)＋V.order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desireIt’ssuggestedthattheplanMydemandisthatshetoseemeonceaweek.Wearefortheadvicethatthefactorycloseddown.becarriedout.shouldcomeshouldbe１、wish后面的宾语从句中。一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词形式为：表现在过去时表过去过去完成时表将来would,might,could＋动词原形Iwish(that)Iwereabird.Iwish(that)Ihadseenthefilmlastnight.Iwish(that)Iwould\couldgo.三.虚拟语气特殊句型:1.wish的宾语从句现在:过去时（were）过去:过去完成时未来:would/could/might+V.shouldIwishIastallasyou.wereIwisheverydaymybirthday.wereIwish/wishedIeatensomuchwatermelon.(2)表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用“had＋过去分词”。hadn’tIwishitraintomorrow.wouldHelooksasifhedrunk.Theytalkedasiftheyfriendsforyears.Shelovesthebabyasifitherownson.Irememberedthewholethingasifityesterday.werehadhappenedhadbeenwere2,Asif/though和wish用法相同3.wouldrather(that)现在,将来：过去：Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.过去时过去完成时3.It’s(about/high)time+(that)…should+V.过去时我们该去睡觉了。It’stimethatwe.It’stimethatwetobed.(Should不可省略)wenttobedshouldgo4.Ifonly…要是就好了IfonlyIknewhisname!Ifonlyweh