cambridge-igcse-mathematics--core-and-extended-cou

EndorsedbyUniversityofCambridgeInternationalExaminationsEndorsedbyKarenMorrisonandNickHamshawCambridgeIGCSEMathematicsCoreandExtendedCoursebookPhysicsIGCSEisaresourcethathasbeenwrittenanddevelopedtoprovidefullsupportfortheIGCSEsyllabusofferedbyCIE(0625).ThebookisinfullcolourandincludesafreeCDROMcontainingarangeofsupportingactivities.ThematerialsarefullyendorsedbyCIE.TheauthorhassubstantialexperienceofteachinganddevelopingphysicsresourcesforarangeofmarketsandisamemberoftheInstituteofPhysics.—Student’sCD‐ROMoffersfullsupportforindependentlearningandadedicatedminiwebsite.—Topicsareallintroducedintermsoftheirrelevancetolifeinthe21stcentury.—Exampleexaminationquestionsandworkedanswerswithcommentary.CambridgeUniversityPressandCambridgeInternationalExaminationsuniquepartnershipenablesthousandsofstudentstosuccessfullypasstheirexamsthroughtheprovisionofcomprehensive,high‐qualityandendorsedresources.CambridgeUniversityPressworkscloselywithCIE,andexperiencedauthors,toproducehigh‐qualityandendorsedtextbooksandsoftwarethatsupportCambridgeteachersandencourageCambridgelearners.TofindoutmoreaboutCambridgeInternationalExaminations©CambridgeUniversityPress2012KarenMorrisonandNickHamshawCambridgeIGCSE®MathematicsCoreandExtendedCoursebookIGCSE_Maths_Prilems.inddiIGCSE_Maths_Prilems.inddi3/9/20127:00:15PM3/9/20127:00:15PMDraft©CambridgeUniversityPress2012cambridgeuniversitypressCambridge,NewYork,Melbourne,Madrid,CapeTown,Singapore,SãoPaulo,Delhi,DubaiCambridgeUniversityPressTheEdinburghBuilding,CambridgeCB28RU,UK©CambridgeUniversityPress2012Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexceptionandtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements,noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewrittenpermissionofCambridgeUniversityPress.Firstpublished2012PrintedintheUnitedKingdomattheUniversityPress,CambridgeAcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibraryISBN-13978-1-107-60627-2PaperbackwithCD-ROMCoverimage:SeamusDitmeyer/AlamyCambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyofURLsforexternalorthird-partyInternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication,anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate.Informationregardingprices,traveltimetablesandotherfactualinformationgiveninthisworkarecorrectatthetimeoffirstprintingbutCambridgeUniversityPressdoesnotguaranteetheaccuracyofsuchinformationthereafter.noticetoteachersReferencestoActivitiescontainedintheseresourcesareprovided‘asis’andinformationprovidedisontheunderstandingthatteachersandtechniciansshallundertakeathoroughandappropriateriskassessmentbeforeundertakinganyoftheActivitieslisted.CambridgeUniversityPressmakesnowarranties,representationsorclaimsofanykindconcerningtheActivities.Totheextentpermittedbylaw,CambridgeUniversityPresswillnotbeliableforanyloss,injury,claim,liabilityordamageofanykindresultingfromtheuseoftheActivities.IGCSE®istheregisteredtrademarkofUniversityofCambridgeInternationalExaminations.IGCSE_Maths_Prilems.inddiiIGCSE_Maths_Prilems.inddii3/9/20127:00:18PM3/9/20127:00:18PMDraft©CambridgeUniversityPress2012iiiContentsContentsIntroductionvAcknowledgementsviiUnit1Chapter3:Lines,anglesandshapes3.1Linesandangles443.2Triangles533.3Quadrilaterals573.4Polygons593.5Circles623.6Construction63Chapter4:Collecting,organisinganddisplayingdata4.1Collectingandclassifyingdata744.2Organisingdata764.3Usingchartstodisplaydata83Unit2Unit3Chapter7:Perimeter,areaandvolume7.1Perimeterandareaintwo-dimensions1297.2Three-dimensionalobjects1417.3Surfaceareasandvolumesofsolids143Chapter8:Introductiontoprobability8.1Basicprobability1548.2Theoreticalprobability1548.3Theprobabilitythataneventdoesnothappen1568.4Possibilitydiagrams1588.5Combiningindependentandmutuallyexclusiveevents16011.3Understandingsimilarshapes21611.4Understandingcongruence224Chapter12:Averagesandmeasuresofspread12.1Differenttypesofaverage23112.2Makingcomparisonsusingaveragesandranges23312.3Calculatingaveragesandrangesforfrequencydata23512.4Calculatingaveragesandrangesforgroupedcontinuousdata23712.5Percentilesandquartiles240Chapter1:Reviewingnumberconcepts1.1Differenttypesofnumbers21.2Multiplesandfactors31.3Primenumbers61.4Powersandroots101.5Workingwithdirectednumbers131.6Orderofoperations141.7Roundingnumbers18Chapter2:Makingsenseofalgebra2.1Usingletterstorepresentunknownvalues232.2Substitution252.3Simplifyingexpressions272.4Workingwithbrackets312.5Indices33Chapter5:Fractions5.1Equivalentfractions995.2Operationsonfractions1005.3Percentages1055.4Standardform1105.5Yourcalculatorandstandardform1145.6Estimation115Chapter6:Equationsandtransformingformulae6.1Furtherexpansionsofbrackets1196.2Solvinglinearequations1216.3Factorisingalgebraicexpressions1236.4Transformationofaformula124Chapter9:Sequencesands