震撼世界的审判

ThetrialThatRockedtheWorld-----JohnScopesFromgrouptwoContentPartone：Generalintroduction1.Abouttheauthor2.Background3.Abouttheaffair4.Conflicts5.Result6.Influences7.Whytheauthorsaythetrialrockedtheworld?Parttwo:Detailsaboutthispassage1)Mainidea2)Styleofthetext3)RhetoricalDevices4)CommentsPartone:Generalintroduction3.Abouttheaffair1.Theauthor5.result4.conflicts2.backgroundJohnScopes(1900——1970)onceaschool-teacherinDayton,Tennessee.Principal(首要参与者)ofthe“MonkeyTrial.Laterbecameageologistforanoilcompany.1.Abouttheauthor:Partone:Generalintroduction•⑴Foranumberofyearsaclashhadbeenbuildingupbetweenthefundamentalist(基要主义者)andthemodernists(现代主义者).(3)•⑵fundamentalismwasstronginTennessee,andthestatelegislaturehadpassedalawprohibitingtheteachingof“anytheorythat•deniesthestoryofcreationastaughtintheBible”•⑶TheexitsofDarwin’sevolution.•⑷JohnScopestaughtthestudentsevolution.3.Theaffair1.Theauthor5.results4.conflicts2.background2.backgroundPartone:GeneralintroductionReason:JohnScopestaughtthestudentsevolutionwhichwasconsideredagainstthelaw.Time:July10,1925Place:AcourtinDayton,Tennessee.3.Theaffair1.Theauthor5.result4.conflicts2.background3.AbouttheaffairPartone:Generalintroduction4.ConflictsofcharactersClarenceDarrow(counsel,lawyer))Malone(Catholic,counsel)Hays(Jew,counsel)GeorgeRappelyea(engineer)KirtleyMather(Professor,scientist)VSWilliamJenningsBryan（orator、statesman）JohnButler(farmer)TomStewart(lawyer,attorney-general)12jurors(陪审团成员),threehadneverreadanybookexcepttheBible.Onecouldn'tread4.Conflictsofviewpoints⒈AcceptedthetheoryadvancedbyCharlesDarwin——allanimallifehadevolvedfromacommonancestor.③⒉ThereasonwhyJohnScopeswasaccusedisignoranceandbigotryarerampant.⒀⒊Ifsonoonewoulddaretobringanyintelligenceandenlightensandculturetothehumanmind.⒁⒋ThetruthiseternalAndneedsnohumanagencytosupportit.(24)VS⒈TheyareadheretoaliteralinterpretationoftheOldTestament(圣约书)③⒉Mancamefromabove.(20)⒊”TheBible”isnotgoingtobedrivenoutfromthiscourtbyexperts.(21)Partone:GeneralintroductionThetrailturnedtobea“victoriousdefeat”.Theverdictwasguilty.JohnScopeswasfined100dollarsandcosts.HewasofferedhisteachingjobbackbuthedeclinedandhegotscholarshiptotheUniversityofChicago.5.Result3.Theaffair1.Theauthor5.result4.conflicts2.backgroundPartone:Generalintroduction•Sincethetrial,theschoolsandlegislativeofficesoftheUnitedStateshavedeeplyaffected,andtheintellectualandacademicfreedomhasgrown.Basedonthetrialthebusinessmanmadeagreatprofit.(10,26)6.Influences7.Whytheauthorssaythetrialrockedtheworld?⒈HotMediaattention:Forthefirsttimeinhistorytobroadcastajurytrial,Morethan100reporterswereonhand,andevenradioannouncers.(2),and22telegraphersweresendingout165,000wordsadayonthetrial.(28)⒉Manypeoplecametosee:Forfearthattheoldcourt’sfloormightcollapseundertheweightofthethrong,thetrialwasresumedoutsideunderthemaples.(29)⒊ItsnowballedintooneofthemostfamoustrialsinU.S.history.Parttwo:Detailsaboutthispassage1、MainideaJohnScopeswasayounghigh-schoolscienceteacherandfootballcoachinDayton,alittletowninTennessee,wherefundamentalismwerestrong.Hewasaccusedofbreakingtheanti-evolutionlawandwasbroughttocourt,becauseofteachinghisstudentsevolution.TherenownedcriminallawyerClarenceDarrowhelpedhimdefend,andWilliamJenningsBryanwastheleadingcounselfortheprosecution.Thousandsofpeoplecametovisit,andagroupofscientistsandprofessorshelpedtotestifyScope’sbehalf.ThetrialbeganonJuly10th,1925,andlastedfor3days.Onthefirstday,thepreliminaryfightappearstobe.Parttwo:DetailsaboutthispassageOnthesecondday,theprosecutioncallingwitnessagainstScopes.DarrowandBryangoontheheateddebate.TheclimaxofthetrialisthatDarrowsucceededinpointingoutseveralseriousinconsistenciesinFundamentalistbeliefwhenDarrowwascalledasawitnessforthedefense.Onthethirdday,theverdictcameoutandscopeswasconvictedandfined100dollars.Itshowsthatthetrialwasseenasavictoryforevolution.1、Mainidea•Tonarrateistogivenanaccountofaneventorseriesofevents.Inotherwords,anarrativerecreatesaneventorgivesasenseofitbyhelpingtheaudiencevisualizetheevent.①Narration2、StyleofthetextParttwo:Detailsaboutthispassage•Ironyisasubtleformofhumorwhichinvolvessayingthingsthatyoudonotmean.•Ifyouridiculesomeoneorridiculetheirideasorbeliefs,youmakefunoftheminanunkindway.•Sarcasmisusuallyintendedtomockorinsultsomeone.2、Languagefeatures:Sarcasm,ridicule&ironyParttwo:Detailsaboutthispassage3、RhetoricalDevices•E.g.GonewasthefiercefervourofthedayswhenBryanhadsweptthepoliticalarenalikeaprairiefire.(22)•Analysis:(1)此句是一个倒装句，正确语序应为：Thefiercefervour……wasgone.•(2)句中swept……likeaprairiefire为明喻，指的是布莱恩参加竞选活动时到各地巡回演讲击溃自己的对手的情景1.Simile（明喻）Parttwo:Detailsaboutthispassage3、RhetoricalDevices•(1)mycasewouldsnowballintooneofthemostfamoustrialsinU.S.history.（9）•(2)NowDarrowspranghistrumpcard……thedefence.(30)•(3)ThenthecourtbrokeintothestormofapplausethatsurpassedthatforBryan.(25)•Analysis:•(1)snowball原指“滚雪球”，此处引申为“像雪球一样越滚越大”，•(2)circusatmosphere把小镇上那种气氛比作像看马戏表演一样。•(3)astormofapplause把法庭上的辩论比作风暴形象。2.Metaphor(暗喻)3、RhetoricalDevices•E.g.……Darwinisright---inside.(26)•Analysis:此句可有两种理解：破折号前面的意思是“达尔文先生是对的，