高考重点英语语法-定语从句课件-共33张ppt

高考语法专项复习TheAttributiveClauseHuayuanBianchengHighSchoolliuQiuyingDefinition:一；在复合句中，用来修饰名词或者代词的句子叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或者代词叫先行词。连接先行词和从句的词叫做关系代词或关系副词。二；定语从句的分类：1.限制性定语从句（对先行词起修饰限制作用）。2.非限制性定语从句（对先行词起补充说明作用，先行词与定语从句往往用逗号隔开，不能用that引导，引导词不能省略）。Thegirlwhoiseatingtheice-creamwithalittledogislovely.先行词关系词定语从句.1Thegirlislovely.2.Thegirliseatingtheice-creamwithalittledog.关系代词whom,that和which在从句中作宾语常省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that。as做宾语一般不能省略关系副词whowhomwhosewhichthatwhenwherewhyat/in/on/duringwhichin/on/atwhichforwhichas人人人，物物物，人人，物时间地点原因主语,宾语宾语定语主语，宾语主语，宾语，表语主语，宾语，表语时间状语地点状语原因状语===先行词关系词从句成分备注高考重点与难点1.that与which2.介词+关系代词3.关系代词与关系副词4.分隔式定语从句5.特殊先行词之后的where6.as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别7.theway做先行词8.综合考察重点难点1.ThisisthebestfilmIhaveeverseen.2.Thehospital,isbuilttwentyyearsago,3.Allcanbedoneshouldbedone.4.Whichisthebookyouborrowedyesterday?5.ThereislittleIcandoforyou.6.Don’tdothateverybodydoesn'tlike.thatwhichthatthatthatwhich考点一which与thathasbeendestroyed.7.Thehotelatwestayedlastnightwascomfortable.8.ThefirstthingIwanttodoistoseemyfamily.9.Hisdiseaseisnotthecaseitwas.10.Theytalkedalotaboutthepersonsandthethingstheyrememberedatschool.whichthatthatthat一：只用that的情况1先行词为2.先行词指物，被3．先行词指物,主句是以开头的疑问句时；先行词指人，句中已有为了避免重复时；4.先行词既有又有时。all,much,little,none,few,one，something,anything,等不定代词且指物时；everything序数词，形容词最高级，theonly,thevery,any,等修饰时；thelast,few,little,no,all,oneofwhichwho人物二：只用which的情况1.先行词指物，引导定语从句时；2.先行词指物，关系代词前有词时；3.当先行词本身是时。非限制性介that1.Thereisnothingwillstopusmakingprogress.A.whichB.thatC.whereDwho2.Whichisthepictureyoudrawyesterday?A.whereB.whoseC.whichD.that3.Theweatherturnedouttobefine,wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whichB.thatC.WhoD.when4.Isthisfactoryyouvisitedlastweek.A.theoneB.whichC.thatD.it走近高考1.Aftergraduatingfromcollege,Itakesometimeofftogototravelling,turnedouttobeawisedecision(2010年四川）A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where2.Chan’sbookstoreonBakerStreet,usedtobepoorlyrun,isnowasuccessfulbusiness(2007浙江）A.whatB.thatC.itD.which考点二介词+关系代词1.看介词跟先行词的搭配；2.看介词跟从句中动词或者形容词的搭配.3.当介词放在关系代词的前面时，关系代词只能用which/whom,作定语时用whose,并且不能省略。TheChineseteacheristhepersonwhomIgotapresentfrom.TheChineseteacheristhepersonIgotapresent.MotherisapersonwhomIcaneasilytalkto.MotherisapersonIcaneasilytalk.怎么样选择介词？fromwhomtowhomWhichsentenceistrue?ThisisthechildwhomIwilllookafter.（）ThisisthechildafterwhomIwilllook.（）一般情况下，介词可以后置，意义和前置时是一样的但是从句的谓语动词是动介结构且为固定搭配时，介词不能前置。√×注意：走近高考1.Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool,hewentontoBeijingUniversity.(2007.江苏）A.afterwhichB.afterthatC.inwhichD.inthat2.Humanfacialexpressionsdifferfromthoseofanimalsinthedegreetheycanbecontrolledonpurpose.(2007.重庆）A.withwhichB.towhichC.ofwhichD.forwhich考点三关系副词和关系代词的选择表示时间，地点，原因的先行词在从句中作状语，则用关系副词when,where和why；做主语和宾语，则用which和that来引导。Iwillneverforgetthedayswelivedtogether.Iwillneverforgetthedayswespenttogether.Doyouknowtheuniversityheisstudying.DoyouknowtheuniversityhevisitedlastThisisthereasonhewaslate.Thisisthereasonhegaveme.wherethat/which/不填whythat/which/不填year.whenthat/which/不填考点四分隔式定语从句定语从句与先行词被插入语、同位语、状语等其他成分分开，要根据句意确定先行词，然后再进行句子结构分析。请找出下面句子中定语从句的先行词。1.ThefilmbroughtthehoursbacktomewhenIwastakengoodcareofinmyhometown.(先行词为thehours)2.OccasionsarequiterarewhereIhavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.(先行词为occasions)3.Hetoldmeastoryyesterday,whichIthoughtwasveryinteresting.(先行词为astory)难点一特殊词之后的wherewhere引导的定语从句的先行词在大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但是先行词是point,situation,stage,condition,case,activity等在从句中作状语也可以由where来引导，表示“到某种地步，处于某种境况中”。Thecountryisinthesituationawarwillbreakoutatanytime.ThatisthepointIcan’tagreewithyou.where=onwhichinwhichwherewherewhere=是不是先行词是point,situation,condition,stagecase,activity的时候，后面的关系词都可以用where引导？1.IhavereachedapointinmylifeIamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyself.A.whichB.whereC.howD.why2.ThereisonepointImustinsiston.A.whyB.thatC.whereD.when思考：难点二：as与which引导非限制性定语从句1.当先行词被such,thesame,so,as修饰时，或在asmuch(many)句型中关系代词只用asHeisnotsuchamanyoudescribed.Chinaisnotthesameitwas20yearsago.2.as在引导非限制性定语从句中，只能指代整个主句，译成“正如，正像”，其位置可以放在主句前也可以放在主句后，但是只能用于表肯定意义的句子。而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后，which引导的定语从句的先行词可以是整个句子，也可以是一部分，意义是”这，这一点”，可以用于表否定意义的句子。翻译下面的句式：asiswellknownasissaidaboveasisannouncedasyouknow众所周知正如上面所说正如所公布的正如你所知道的asas1.Helentmeabook,whichisveryinteresting.（which代表句子的一部分abook)2.Helentmeahand,whichisverykindofhim.(which代表前面整个句子）3.Chinaisadevelopingcountry,asisknowntoall.(as翻译为“正如”)4.Hewaslateagain,whichannoyedtheteacher.（which翻译为“这，这一点”）5.Hewonthefirstprize,whichisunexpected.(unexpected是否定意义）难点分析so/such…that…和so/such…as…的区别：如果从句中缺主语、宾语或表语时，用so/such…as…;反之，如果从句中没有缺主语、宾语或表语时，用so/such…that…1.I’veneverheardsuchstoriesashetells.2.ItwassuchbadweatherthatIhadtostayathome.难点三：theway做先行词theway做先行词时，先看定语从句中是否缺少主语和宾语，如果缺少主语和宾语，则用that/which/不填（缺宾语）；主语和宾语都不缺，引导词则用that/inwhich/不填1.Idon’tlikethewayhetalkedtome.2.Thewayheexplainedtousisverysimple.3.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut______hesaidit.A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhichthat/inwhich/不填做题技巧：that/which/不填综合考察1.定语从句与强调句型2.定语从句与同位语从句3.定语从句与状语从句4.定语从句与表语从句5.定语从句与主谓一致6.关系代词与插入语定语从句强调句型where/that1.ThisisthelibraryIborrowedthebook.2.ItisfromthislibraryIborrowedth