广梧高速路基施工工艺指南

广梧高速施工工艺指南（试行）路基工程中铁九局（集团）有限公司2007年10月内部资料严禁外传1目录1、地基处理··································································31.1、换填（包括原地面处理）····················································31.2、砂（碎石）垫层施工（含土工格栅铺设）········································51.3、堆载预压································································71.4、强夯···································································151.5、强夯置换碎石桩·························································171.6、冲击压实·······························································201.7、搅拌桩·································································221.8、旋喷桩·································································251.9、CFG桩·································································281.10、刚性桩网结构··························································341.11、刚性桩板结构··························································371.12、岩溶地基处理·························································401.13、水塘地基处理·························································432、路基填筑································································452.1、A、B组填料填筑·························································452.2、级配碎石填筑···························································462.3、沥青混凝土·····························································523、路堑开挖·································································564、过渡段···································································584.1、级配碎石过渡段·························································584.2、渐变混凝土刚性过渡段···················································615、支挡结构和边坡防护·······················································645.1、边坡防护·······························································645.1.1、立体植被护坡网内喷播植草··············································645.1.2、挂网喷混植生··························································665.1.3、行栽香根草····························································705.1.4、主动防护网····························································715.1.5、被动防护网····························································7325.2、支挡结构·······························································755.2.1、预应力锚索····························································755.2.2、框架锚杆······························································776、沉降观测及变形监测·······················································816.1、沉降观测·······························································816.2、变形监测·······························································946.3、数据采集模式···························································967、其他相关工程····························································9831、地基处理1.1、换填（包括原地面处理）1.1.1、施工方法路堤填筑前应对原地面存在的植被、树根、松软表土、腐植土进行清除，对大于1:5的陡坡进行台阶处理，即原地面处理，根据现场实际情况，可以采用推土机等大型机械辅以人工进行施工。换填法一般用于处理暗沟、暗塘等局部范围的浅层软土地基。根据换填深度选择机械或人工施工。可采用挖掘机或推土机挖除换填深度内表层的软弱土层，再由人工将软土挖除到达设计标高，自卸汽车运输换填料，后倾法卸料，推土机摊铺，平地机平整，压路机碾压，分层填筑，直至达到设计标高。每个工点施工人员、机械设备配备情况如表1.1.1和表1.1.2所示。表1.1.1劳动力组织表工种数量备注辅助人员5~10人表层软土清除，根据工作量配备技术人员2人负责现场测量放样、质量控制等技术作业表1.1.2机械设备配备表设备名称规格数量备注推土机1台表层清理、土方摊铺挖掘机1台台阶开挖、土方装载自卸汽车土方运送，根据工作量配备平地机1台土方摊铺压路机1台碾压施工1.1.2、施工工艺1.1.2.1、施工准备：施工放样，确定需进行原地面处理或者是换填的范围，设置临时防排水设施，在开工前对现场需处理范围、深度进行复查；备足换填材料。施工放样、场地、材料准备挖除需换填土层分层填筑压实质量验收施工工艺流程图清表或台阶处理核查基底承载力并处理质量验收原地面处理换填41.1.2.2、对于需换填处理的情况采用机械挖除换填深度内表层部分土层，直至高于设计换填深度30cm处，再由人工清除剩余软土层，达到设计标高；采用自卸汽车将挖除的土壤运至指定的弃土场。对于原地面处理的情况，采用推土机推除表层需清除的松软土、腐植土、植被等，斜坡陡于1:5的地段，采用人工划定台阶范围，挖土机进行开挖，形成台阶，沿线路横向台阶宽度、高度符合设计要求，纵向台阶宽度不小于2m。1.1.2.3、换填施工采用自卸汽车运输换填料进场，后倾法卸料，推土机进行初摊铺，平整，压路机碾压。避免自卸汽车直接驶上原位土层，对其造成扰动。1.1.2.4、根据换填层所处路堤部位进行相应的质量检验。在原地面处理之后应对地基承载力进行核查，确认满足设计要求，不符合设计要求者，报监理单位确认后采取措施进行处理。1.1.3、技术要求及检测1.1.3.1、换填分层压实质量应根据换填料种类及换填所处路堤部位进行相应的压实质量检测控制。1.1.3.2、换填顶面高程、横坡应符合下表的要求。表1.1.3.2换填顶面高程、横坡检允许偏差及检验要求序号检验项目允许偏差施工单位检验数量检验方法1顶面高程±50mm沿线路纵向每100m抽样检验5处水准仪测2横坡±0.5%沿线路纵向每100m抽样检验5个断面坡度尺量1.1.3.3、换填地基位置允许偏差、检验数量及方法应符合设计或者是验收标准的要求。1.1.3.4、原地面处理完毕后，应根据设计要求或者验收标准的要求对处理后的地基进行验收检测，且应对开挖的台阶宽度、高度等进行检查验收。1.1.3.5、换填基坑坡脚线位置的允许偏差为-50mm，采用经纬仪在每个换填基坑沿线路纵向及横向各抽样检验4处。1.1.3.6、原地面处理前，应对地基地质条件进行核查，路堤地基条件应符合设计文件，施工单位通过静力触探等方法沿线路纵向每100m检验2点。1.1.3.7、原地面处理后的外观应满足如下要求：1）基底无草皮、树根等杂物，无积水；2）原地面基底密实、平整，坑穴处理彻底，无质量隐患；3）地面横坡符合设计要求。1.1.4、质量控制措施1.1.4.1、严格控制换填所用填料，其种类及技术条件应符合设计要求。51.1.4.2、原地面处理及松软土开挖换填范围必须满足设计要求，必要时适当向外扩大30~50cm，确保路基基底范围全部换填。1.1.4.3、开挖前后应对地质条件进行核对，对于在换填范围内发现的对换填施工有影响的洞穴、墓穴等，或在开挖后发现底部的地质条件不满足设计要求等情况，应向设计单位进行反馈，采取措施处理。1.1.4.4、在采用机械施工的情况下，应预留底部30~50cm的土层人工清理，尽量减少对下伏土层的扰动。1.1.4.5、当软土底部起伏较大时，设置台阶，分层填筑。1.1.4.6、安排好作业时间，避开雨季或雨天施工。作好换填范围的防、排水措施，避免基底浸水。1.2、砂（碎石）垫层施工（含土工合成材料铺设）1.2.1、施工方法砂（碎石）垫层多分层铺设，中间夹铺土工合成材料（土工格栅、土工格室等），施工时可以采用机械铺设下层砂（碎石）垫层，碾压密实后，人工铺设土工合成材料，再采用自卸汽车后倾法卸料，机械摊铺、碾压完成上层砂（碎石）垫层施工。每个工点施工人员、机械设备配备情况如表1.2.1和表1.2.2所示。表1.2.1劳动力组织表工种数量备注辅助人员5~10人土工材料铺设、配合垫层施工技术人员2人负责现场测量放样、质量控制等技术作业表1.2.2机械设备配备表设备名称规格数量备注推土机1台表层清理、砂石料摊铺自卸汽车砂石料运送，根据工作量配备平地机1台砂石料摊铺压路机1台碾压施工1.2.2、施工工艺铺设第一层砂（碎石）铺设土工合成材料铺设第二层砂（碎石）砂、碎石垫层施工工艺流程图61.2.2.1、砂（碎石）垫层施工前应进行工艺性试验，确定分层厚度、压实遍数等施工参数。1.2.2.2、采用自卸汽车运输砂、碎石料入场，推土机或平地机摊铺平整，采用压路机静压密实。1.2.2.3、下垫层碾压密实后，采用人工铺设土工合成材料。土工合成材料在铺设时应拉抻、铺平并固定好，材料的连接应采用专用工具；边缘回折段应人工预