初中英语现在完成时

现在完成时一．含义：表示到目前为止已经完成的动作或存在的状态。二．结构：助动词have/has+过去分词done★肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词done否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词done一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词done简略答语：Yes,主语+have/has.No,主语+haven’t/hasn’t.★过去分词：1、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：(1).一般动词，在词尾直接加“ed”:work---worked---worked,visit---visited---visited(2).以“e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d”:live---lived---lived,(3)、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，将y变为i，再加“ed”:study---studied---studied,cry---cried---cried(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ed”:stop---stopped---stopped,drop---dropped--dropped2.不规则动词三．用法1.现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，有以下四大标志词:①already,just和yet：Hehasalreadygotherhelp.他已得到她的帮助。Hehasjustseenthefilm.他刚刚看过这场电影。Hehasn'tcomebackyet.他还没有回来。②ever和never：ThisisthebestfilmIhaveeverseen.这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。HehasneverbeentoBeijing.他从没有到过北京。③以动作发生的次数为标志HesayshehasbeentotheUSAthreetimes.④sofar，before,recently,latelyHehasboughtanewcarrecently.Ihaven’theardfromhimJanelately.Scientistshaven’tfoundthecureofAIDSsofar.★现在完成时不能和明确表示过去时间的状语连用，如ago,yesterday,lastyear,atthattime,then等。2.现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作,常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子），或howlong连用:①for+时段Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）Hehasbeenateachersince1998.③since+时段+agoHehasstudiedEnglishsince4yearsago.④since+从句（过去时）IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.⑤Itis+时段+since+从句（过去时）Itisthreedayssincehearrivedhere.★非延续性动词leave,arrive,come,go,return,join,die,buy,borrow等的完成时，在肯定句中不能与for或since等引导的时间段连用：他到这里三天了。Hehasarrivedhereforthreedays.Hehasbeenhereforthreedays.Itisthreedayssincehearrivedhere.Ithasbeenthreedayssincehearrivedhere.四.Havegoneto,havebeento,与havebeenin的区别have/hasgone(to):去了(现在不在说话现场)Whereisyourfather？HehasgonetoShanghai.have/hasbeen(to):去过（已不在去过的地方）MyfatherhasbeentoShanghai.have/hasbeenin：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）MyfatherhasbeeninShanghaifortwomonths./sincetwomonthsago.【练一练】句型转换：1.Hehasalreadygonehome.He___________________home____________.(否定句)____________he__________home___________?(疑问句)2.Hehaslunchathome.He_______________________lunchathome.(否定句)____________he__________lunchathome?(疑问句)3.Hehasbeentheretwice.______________________________________hebeenthere?(划线提问)4.Ihavelunchatschool.____________________you____________lunch.(划线提问)用never,ever,already,yet,for,since填空1.Ihave_______seenhimbefore,soIhavenoideaabouthim.2.Jackhas_________finishedhishomework________anhourago.3.Mr.Wanghastaughtinthisschool________tenyears.4.“Haveyou________seenthefilm?”“No,Ihave________seenit.”5.“Hasthebusleft_______?”“Yes,ithas_________left.”翻译下列句子：1.他们已经打扫了教室吗？2.我们已经认识有二十年了。3.打那以后，她一直住在这。4.“你曾经到过那里吗？”“不，我从来没到过那里。”5.我父亲以前到过长城。6.我来到海南已经一周了。7.他这些天上哪儿去了？五．现在完成时与一般过去时的区别一般过去时所表示的事情纯属过去，与现在情况没有关系。现在完成时所表示的事情与现在情况有关系，是过去发生的事情对现在产生的结果或对现在的影响，或一直持续着：IhavelostmyNokiaX7.(=IlostmyNokiaX7andIhavenoNokiaX7now.)Heboughtahouse10yearsago.十年前他买了栋房子。（现在是否还拥有那栋房子就说不定了）Hehasboughtahouse.他已经买了房子。（到说话的这时候他仍然拥有那栋房子）【练一练】用适当的时态填空：1.She’s_____________(live)hereeversinceshewasten.2.Bothofthem________________(be)inHongkongfortendays.3.Bothofthem________________(come)toHongkongtendaysago.4.Halfanhour__________(pass)sincethetrain__________(leave).5.Mary________(lose)herpen.____________you______________(see)ithereandthere?6._____________you____________(find)yourwatchyet?7.---Areyouthirsty?---NoI_________just_____________(have)someorange.8.We_____________already______________(return)thebook.9.___________they____________(build)anewschoolinthevillage?10.I________________(notfinish)myhomework.Canyouhelpme?11.Myfather_____(read)thenoveltwice.12.I_________(buy)abookjustnow.13.I_________(lost)mywatchyesterday.14.Myfather___________(read)thisbooksinceyesterday.不规则动词过去式、过去分词表(1)AAA型（动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形）动词原形过去式过去分词动词原形过去式过去分词cost（花费）costcostcut（割）cutcuthit（打）hithithurt(伤害）hurthurtlet（让）letletput（放）putputread（读）readread(2)AAB型（动词原形与过去式同形）动词原形过去式过去分词beat（跳动）beatbeaten(3)ABA型（动词原形与过去分词同形）动词原形过去式过去分词动词原形过去式过去分词become（变成）becamebecomecome（来）camecomerun（跑）ranrun(4)ABB型（过去式与过去分词同形）动词原形过去式过去分词动词原形过去式过去分词dream（想）dreamed/dreamtdreamed/dreamtspell（拼写）spelled/speltspelled/speltbring（带来）broughtbroughtbuy（买）boughtboughtbuild（建设）builtbuiltcatch（抓住）caughtcaughtfeed(喂养)fedfedfeel（感觉）feltfeltfight（战斗）foughtfoughtfind（找到）foundfoundget（得到）gotgothave/has（有）hadhadhold（抓住）heldheldhear（听见）heardheardleave（离开）leftleftlend（借出）lentlentlose（丢失）lostlostlearn（学习）learntlearntmeet（遇见）wonwonmean（意思是）meantmeantmake（制造）mademadepay(付出)paidpaidsend（传送）sentsentstand（站着）stoodstoodsleep（睡）sleptsleptspend（花费）spentspentstick粘住stuckstucksit（坐）satsatsweep（扫）sweptsweptsmell（闻）smeltsmeltsell（卖）soldsoldsay（说）saidsaidteach（教）taughttaughtthink（想）thoughtthoughttell（告诉）toldtoldunderstand(明白)understoodunderstoodwin（赢）wonwon(5)ABC型（动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形）动词原形过去式过去分词动词原形过去式过去分词am/is（是）wasbeenare(是)werebeenbegin（开始）beganbegunbreak（打破）brokebrokenchoose（选择）chosechosendrive（驾驶）drovedrivendo（做）diddonedrink（喝）drankdrunkdraw（画）drewdrawneat（吃）ateeatenfall（落下）fellfallenfly（飞）flewflownforget（忘记）forgotforgottengo（去）wentgonegive（给）gavegivengrow（生长）grewgrownhide隐藏hidhiddenknow（知道）knewknownlie（平躺）laylainrise（升高）roserisenride（骑）roderiddensee（看见）sawseenshake（握手）shookshakenspeak（说，讲）sp