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当前位置:首页 > 中学教育 > 初中教育 > 英语中宾语从句句法讲解(完整)
1宾语从句导入:1.Theteachertoldthechildrenthatthesun____round.A.wasB.isC.wereD.are2.Ibelievethatourteam____thebasketballmatch.A.winB.wonC.willwinD.wins3.Idon’tknow____tovisittheoldman.A.whetherB.ifC.thatD.who4.Thesoldierssoonreachedwasonceanoldtemplethevillagersusedasaschool.A.which;whereB.what;whichC.where;whichD.what;where答:选B,动词reach后接宾语从句,从句缺少宾语,where不可,which表疑问含义“哪一个…”而是用what从句表陈述含义,意“过去的一座旧庙宇”;temple后为对其修饰的定语从句,用关系代词which修饰used小口诀:宾语从句三注意,时态语序引导词;主句一般现在时,从句不需受限制;主句一般过去时,从句须用相应时;陈述句转化that引,一般疑问句用if/whether,特殊问句疑问词,引导词后陈述式。(一)宾语从句总述一.宾语从句的概念:由一个句子充当宾语,我们称之为宾语从句。宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语,也可做介词的宾语。eg,Hesaidhewasgoodatdrawing.(动词宾语)HeaskshimhowlongMikehasbeendown.(动词宾语)MissZhangisangryatwhatyousaid.(介词宾语)二.宾语从句的语序:永远都是陈述句(即主谓宾结构)False:Heiswonderingwhencanhefinishthisdifficultjob.Right:Heiswonderingwhenhecanfinishthisdifficultjob.特殊情况:当doyouthink后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时,句式结构应为疑问词+doyouthink+陈述句语序。例:whomdoyouthinkhemetyesterday?Whatdoyouthinkthearticleisabout?Whendoyouthinkthepartyshouldbegin?Wheredoyouthinktheycamefrom?Whodoyouthinkthepublicmightchooseastheirfavoritesingerthisyear?你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手.三.宾语从句的连接词1.如果宾语从句是从陈述句(转化而来的),引导词用that,且that可省略。e.g,Shetoldme(that)shewouldliketogowithus.(总体讲完后再讲)但是有些特殊情况that不可以省略:(1)当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,可以省略第一个that,其他不能省略。EverybodycouldseewhathappenedandthatTomwasfrightened.大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。Ibelieve(that)youhavedoneyourbestandthatthingswillgetbetter.(2)当it作形式宾语时that不省略。IhearditsaidthathehadgoneabroadWefounditimpossiblethathecouldfinishitinsuchashorttimeShemadeitclearthatshehadnothingtodowithhim.2(3)当宾语从句前置时,that不可省略。Thatourteamwillwin,Ibelieve.ThatheeversaidsuchathingIsimplydon’tbelieve.我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。(4)主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语,that不可省略。Wedecided,inviewofhiswonderfulknowledge,thatwewouldbuy1000books.(5)that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时,that不能省略。Iknownothingabouthimexceptthatheisfromthesouth.对他我一无所知,只知道他是南方人。(6)当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;Isuggestthatweshouldtakemeasurestosolvetheproblems.2.如果宾语从句是从一般疑问句(转化而来的),用whether或if引导,表示“是否”(注意区分whether,if,when)e.g,Iwonderif/whetheruhavetoldthenewtoLiLei.Idon’tknowif/whethertherewillbeabusanymore.我不知道是否还会有公交车.Nobodyknewif/whetherhecouldpasstheexam.没人知道他是否会通过考试.注意:一般情况下,whether和if可以互用,但有些情况例外。(1).在动词know,ask,care,wonder,findout,leave,put,discuss,doubt等之后一般用whether(2).当从句做介词的宾语时只用whether,不用ifeg,Wearetalkingaboutwhetherwe'llgoonthepinic.Everythingdependsonwhetheryouagreewithus(3).与动词不定式或not连用时,只用whether.与not构成whether~~~ornot~~结构eg,Ican’tdecidewhethertostay.Couldyoutellmewhetherugoornot?(4).if当如果讲时,引导的是条件状语从句,这时不能用whether.(5).避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if.此外when表示何时引导的宾语从句,表示当···时候引导状语从句Idon’tknowwhenshewillcomeback.Butwhenshecomesback,Iwilltellyou.3.如果宾语从句是从特殊疑问句(转化而来的),引导词用特殊疑问词(who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever,when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however)e.g.1.canyoutellmewhat'sthematter\wrongwithyou?2.DoyouknowwhohaswonRedAlertgame?你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏?3.ThebookwillshowyouwhatthebestCEOsshouldknow.这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什4.Haveyoudeterminedwhicheveryoushouldbuy,aMotorolaorNokiacellphone?你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗?5.Hedidn’ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.6.Couldyoupleasetellmehowyouusethenewpanel?你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?7.Noneofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought.没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到还有我们之前讲过的特殊情况:当doyouthink后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时,句式结构应为疑问词+doyouthink+陈述句语序。四.宾语从句的时态31.主句用一般现在或将来时时,从句可用任意时态。2.主句用过去时,从句用过去某个时态。3.主句用过去时,从句是客观真理时,只用一般现在时。例:Heknowsthattomorrowwillrain(主句现在,从句无受限)HeaskedmeifIwasreadingthestoryTheOldManandtheSeawhenhewasin.(主过去,从过去正在)他问我他进来的时候我是否正在读老人与海.Theteachersaidthatthemoongoesaroundtheearthyesterday.(主句过去,从句客观真理)老师昨天说月亮绕着地球转.Tomaskedifthegovernmentwouldtakenecessarymeasurestosolvetheproblems.(主句过去,从句过去)记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施来解决这些问题.HetoldmethathehadtoldMaryaboutthemeetingalready.(主句过去,从句过去完成)他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉了Mary.(二)各类宾语从句一、动词的宾语从句1.大多数动词都可以带宾语从句例:1.Weallexpectthattheywillwin,formembersoftheirteamarestronger.我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.2.Hetoldusthattheywouldhelpusthroughthewholework.他告诉我们在整个工作中,他们都会帮忙的.2.部分“动词+副词”结构(即动词词组)也可以带宾语从句例:1.Ihavefoundoutthatalltheticketsfortheconcerthavebeensoldout.我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.2.Canyouworkouthowmuchwewillspendduringthetrip?你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗?3.动词短语也可以带宾语从句常见的这些词有:makesure确保makeupone’smind下决心keepinmind牢记例:1.Makesurethattherearenomistakesinyourpapersbeforeyouturnthemin.在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.2.TommadeuphismindthathewouldgetAgradeintheexam.汤姆下定决心在这次考试中获A级成绩。3.Weshouldkeepinmindthat“Romeisnotbuildinoneday”我们应该牢记“冰冻三尺非一日之寒”。4.可用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe,等后面有复合宾语(宾语补足语)的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语,将that宾语从句后置(结构常是:主语+动词+it+形容词/名词等宾语补足语+宾语从句)(插入知识点:宾语补足语:某些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。而复合宾语的第一部分通常由名词或代词充当,第二部分表示第一部分的名词或代词发出的动作或身份、特征等,称为宾语补足语。IfindlearningEnglishdifficult.(difficult是形容词做宾补)Isawthekiteupanddown.(upanddown是副词做宾补)例:Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.4IfeelitapitythatIhaven’tbeentotheget-together.我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries.我每天写日记成了习惯.Weallfinditimportantthatwe(should)makeaquickdecisionaboutthismater.我们都认为对这件事马上做出决
本文标题:英语中宾语从句句法讲解(完整)
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