水粘度

水的粘度(0～40℃)温度T粘度μ厘泊Pa·s或N·s·m-2温度T粘度μ厘泊Pa·s或N·s·m-2℃K℃K0273.161.79211.7921×10-320.2293.361.00001.0000×10-31274.161.73131.7313×10-321294.160.98100.9810×10-32275.161.67281.6728×10-322295.160.95790.9579×10-33276.161.61911.6191×10-323296.160.93580.9358×10-34277.161.56741.5674×10-324297.160.91420.9142×10-35278.161.51881.5188×10-325298.160.89370.8937×10-36279.161.47281.4728×10-326299.160.87370.8737×10-37280.161.42841.4284×10-327300.160.85450.8545×10-38281.161.38601.3860×10-328301.160.83600.8360×10-39282.161.34621.3462×10-329302.160.81800.8180×10-310283.161.30771.3077×10-330303.160.80070.8007×10-311284.161.27131.2713×10-331304.160.78400.7840×10-312285.161.23631.2363×10-332305.160.76790.7679×10-313286.161.20281.2028×10-333306.160.75230.7523×10-314287.161.17091.1709×10-334307.160.73710.7371×10-315288.161.14041.1404×10-335308.160.72250.7225×10-316289.161.11111.1111×10-336309.160.70850.7085×10-317290.161.08281.0828×10-337310.160.69470.6947×10-318291.161.05591.0559×10-338311.160.68140.6814×10-319292.161.02991.0299×10-339312.160.66850.6685×10-320293.161.00501.0050×10-340313.160.65600.6560×10-3水的物理性质温度t/℃饱和蒸气压p/kPa密度ρ/kg·m-3焓H/kJ·kg-1比定压热容cp/kJ·kg-1·K-1导热系数λ/10-2W·m-1·K-1粘度μ/10-5Pa·s体积膨胀系数α/10-4K-1表面张力σ/10-3N·m-1普兰德数Pr00.6082999.904.21255.13179.210.6375.613.66101.2262999.742.044.19757.45130.770.7074.19.52202.3346998.283.904.18359.89100.501.8272.67.01304.2474995.7125.694.17461.7680.073.2171.25.42407.3766992.2165.714.17463.3865.603.8769.64.325012.31988.1209.304.17464.7854.944.4967.73.546019.932983.2251.124.17865.9446.885.1166.22.987031.164977.8292.994.17866.7640.615.7064.32.548047.379971.8334.944.19567.4535.656.3262.62.229070.136965.3376.984.20867.9831.656.9560.71.96100101.33958.4419.104.22068.0428.387.5258.81.76110143.31951.0461.344.23868.2725.898.0856.91.61120198.64943.1503.674.25068.5023.738.6454.81.47130270.25934.8546.384.26668.5021.779.1752.81.36140361.47926.1589.084.28768.2720.109.7250.71.26150476.24917.0632.204.31268.3818.6310.348.61.18160618.28907.4675.334.34668.2717.3610.746.61.11170792.59897.3719.294.37967.9216.2811.345.31.051801003.5886.9763.254.41767.4515.3011.942.31.001901255.6876.0807.634.46066.9914.4212.640.80.962001554.77863.0852.434.50566.2913.6313.338.40.932101917.72852.8897.654.55565.4813.0414.136.10.912202320.88840.3943.704.61464.5512.4614.833.80.892302798.59827.3990.184.68163.7311.9715.931.60.882403347.91813.61037.494.75662.8011.4716.829.10.872503977.67799.01085.644.84461.7610.9818.126.70.862604693.75784.01135.044.94960.8410.5919.724.20.872705503.99767.91185.285.07059.9610.2021.621.90.882806417.24750.71236.285.22957.459.8123.719.50.892907443.29732.31289.955.48555.829.4226.217.20.933008592.94712.51344.805.73653.969.1229.214.70.973109877.96691.11402.166.07152.348.8332.912.31.0232011300.3667.11462.036.57350.598.5338.210.01.1133012879.6640.21526.197.24348.738.1443.37.821.2234014615.9610.11594.758.16445.717.7553.45.781.3835016538.5574.41671.379.50443.037.2666.83.891.6036018667.1528.01761.3913.98439.546.671092.062.3637021040.9450.51892.4340.31933.735.692640.486.80F3Viscositydecreaseswithpressure(attemperaturesbelow33°C)Viscousflowoccursbymoleculesmovingthroughthevoidsthatexistbetweenthem.Asthepressureincreases,thevolumedecreasesandthevolumeofthesevoidsreduces,sonormallyincreasingpressureincreasestheviscosity.Water'spressure-viscositybehavior[534]canbeexplainedbytheincreasedpressure(uptoabout150MPa)causingdeformation,soreducingthestrengthofthehydrogen-bondednetwork,whichisalsopartiallyresponsiblefortheviscosity.Thisreductionincohesivitymorethancompensatesforthereducedvoidvolume.ItisthusadirectconsequenceofthebalancebetweenhydrogenbondingeffectsandthevanderWaalsdispersionforces[558]inwater;hydrogenbondingprevailingatlowertemperaturesandpressures.Athigherpressures(anddensities),thebalancebetweenhydrogenbondingeffectsandthevanderWaalsdispersionforcesistippedinfavorofthedispersionforcesandtheremaininghydrogenbondsarestrongerduetothecloserproximityofthecontributingoxygenatoms[655].Viscosity,then,increaseswithpressure.Thedashedline(opposite)indicatestheviscosityminima.Thevariationofviscositywithpressureandtemperaturehasbeenusedasevidencethattheviscosityisdeterminedmorebytheextentofhydrogenbondingratherthanhydrogenbondingstrength.Self-diffusionisalsoaffectedbypressurewhere(atlowtemperatures)boththetranslationalandrotationalmotionofwateranomalouslyincreaseasthepressureincreases.