您好,欢迎访问三七文档
英国的文学复习资料1Oldandmedievalperiod中古时期的文学1TheAnglo-Saxonperiod(449-1066)TheStoryofBeowulf《贝奥武甫》:thepoetryrepresentsthehighestachievementoftheoldenglish.2TheAnglo-Normanperiod(1066-1350)Canto诗章romance传奇文学代表作:《SirGawainandtheGreenKnight》高文爵士和绿衣骑士是一首押头韵的长诗3GeoffreyChaucer(1340-1400)杰弗里.乔叟1、thefatherofEnglishpoetryandenglishfiction英国诗歌之父2、heroiccouplet英雄双韵体averseunitconsistingoftworhymed(押韵)linesiniambicpentameter(五步抑扬格)3、代表作:《theCanterburyTales》坎特伯雷的故事(英国文学史的开端)大致内容:thepilgrimsarepeoplefromvariouspartsofEngland,representativesofvariouswalksoflifeandsocialgroups.朝圣者都是来自英国的各地的人,代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体小说特点:eachofthenarratorstellshistaleinapeculiarmanner,thusrevealinghisownviewsandcharacter.这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事,无形中表明了各自的观点,展示了各自的性格。小说观点:hebelievesintherightofmantoearthlyhappiness.Heisanxioustoseemanfreedfromsuperstitions(迷信)andablindbeliefinfate(盲目地相信命运).他希望人们能从迷信和对命运的盲从中解脱出来。4PopularBallads大众民谣astoryholdin4-linestanzaswithsecondandfourthlinerhymed(笔记)Balladsareanonymousnarrativesongsthathavebeenpreservedbyoraltransmission(书上).歌谣是匿名叙事歌曲,一直保存着口头传播的方式代表人物:BishopThomasPercy托马斯.帕希主教RobinHoodandAllin-a-Dale罗宾汉和阿林代尔2、TheRenaissance文艺复兴时期的文学(14世纪到16世纪中期)(GreekandRoman)戏剧drama诗章canto总述:ThetermRenaissanceoriginallyindicatedarevivalofclassical(GreekandRoman)artsandsciences.EnglishliteraturedevelopedwithagreatspeedinElizabethanperiod.Themostdistinctiveachievementisthedrama.thelyricalpoetry(抒情诗)alsodevelopsandisremarkableforitsvarietyandfreshnessandromanticfeelings.文艺复兴最初是指经典艺术和科学在英国的复兴。戏剧发展最为明显,抒情诗也发展较快以其多样,新鲜和浪漫的感情著称。(文艺复兴,斯宾塞诗体,夸饰文体p104)1、keywork:humanism人文主义:admirehumanbeautyandhumanachievement代表作家诗歌poem1)ThomasWyatt托马斯.怀亚特引入十四行诗的第一人heisthemostinterestingpoetofthefirsthalfof16thventuryandthefirsttointroducethesonnetintoenglishliterature.sonnet(十四行诗):formofpoetryintricatelyrhymed(间隔押韵)in14linesiambicpentameter2)sirPhilipSidney菲利普锡德尼爵士1554-1586英格兰诗人《Astrophelandstella》爱星者与星《apologyforpoetry》诗辩3)EdmundSpenser埃德蒙.斯宾塞poet’spoet(诗人中的诗人)poetlaureate桂冠诗人《TheFairyQueen》仙后(epicpoem史诗)《theShephearde'scalendar》牧羊人日历散文prose1)ThomasMore托马斯莫尔1478-1535《utopia》乌托邦:idealsociety2)FrancisBacon佛朗西斯培根,1561-1626HewasEngland'sfirstessayist,hisessaysarethefirsttrueenglishproseclassic,他是第一为英国散文作家,他的散文是第一个真正的英国散文经典《essays》随笔3)JohnLyly约翰黎里英国1553-1606《eupheus》尤弗伊斯euphuism夸饰文体戏剧drama1)ChristopherMarlowe克里斯托弗.马洛blankverse(无韵体:不押韵的五步抑扬格)是十六世纪英国戏剧的主要表现形式。HewasthegreatestplaywrightbeforeShakespeareandthemostgiftedoftheuniversitywits大学才子,hefirstmadeblankversetheprincipleinstrumentofenglishdrama.hisworkspavedthewayfortheplaysofthegreatestenglishdramatist:Shakespeare2)WilliamShakespeare威廉姆.莎士比亚1564-1616莎士比亚是英国文学史上最具影响力的作家,也是英国文艺复兴时期最重要的剧作家,他将英国戏剧创作推向顶峰,他主张戏剧不受三一律:thethreeunities束缚,他的十四行诗代表着伊丽莎白时期诗歌创作的最高成就,围绕友情和爱情两个方面,采用抑扬格五音部lambicpentameter.在他22年创作生涯中,共有37戏剧,154十四行诗和两首长诗。四大悲剧:Hamlet(哈姆雷特),Othello(奥赛罗),KingLear(李尔王),TheTragedyofMacbeth(麦克白)四大戏剧《amidsummernight'sdream》仲夏夜之梦《asyoulikeit》皆大欢喜《merchantofVenice》威尼斯商人《thetwelfthnight》第十二夜3)benJohnson本琼森1572-1637《Volpone》狐狸3theperiodofRevolutionandRestoration(17世纪)资产阶级革命与王权复辟文学特点:thePuritans(清教徒)believedinsimplicityoflife、disapprovedofthesonnetsandthelovepoetry、breakingupofoldideals.清教徒崇尚俭朴的生活、拒绝十四行诗和爱情诗、与旧思想脱离。玄学metaphysical和骑士派cavalierpoets代表人物:诗人1)、JohnMilton约翰.弥尔顿agreatpoet诗人(poem诗歌blankverse无韵诗stylist文体作家)《DefensefortheEnglishPeople》为英国人辩护《ParadiseLost》失乐园:贝奥武夫之后最伟大的英国史诗《ParadiseRegained》复乐园《samsonagonistes》力士叁孙、2)、JohnDonne约翰.多恩“metaphysical”poets(玄学派诗人)的创始人物sonnet十四行诗《Deathbenotproud》死亡你别骄傲《avalediction:forbiddingmourning》分别:莫忧伤3)GeorgeHerbert乔治赫伯特1593-1633Heisthesaintofthemetaphysicalschool,adevoutAnglicanclergymanwhobelievedthatapoetshouldsingthegloryofgod它被称为玄学派圣人,最虔诚的英国国教牧师,认为诗人应该歌颂神的荣耀《thealtar》祭坛《easterwings》复活节的翅膀散文家1)JohnBunyan约翰.拜扬agreatprosewriter“giveustheonlygreatallegory(寓言)”HeisthemostimportantoneinthefieldofprowritingofthePuritanage,heisknownforhissimpleandlivelyprosestylewhichismoldedaftertheBible,hislanguageiseasytoread,colloquial,andconcise.theformofhiswritingisallegorical,realisticandtruetolife班扬是清教徒时期地位最高的散文家,文风仿照圣经,简单生动,语言口语化,简洁易懂,写作采用寓言的形式,忠于生活《thePilgrim’sProgress》天路历程该书采用的写作手法“writtenintheold-fashioned(旧体形式),medievalformofallegory(比喻)anddream”主旨:everyChristianhastotakeinhisinnerheartajourneyinordertobesaved.4TheAgeofEnlightenment(18世纪)启蒙运动1特点、Emphasizedformalityorcorrectnessofstyle,towriteproselikeAddison,orverselikePope.强调正确的格式和写作规范,像艾迪生一样创作散文,和蒲柏一样创作诗歌。TheEnlightenmentwasanexpressionofstruggleofthethenprogressiveclassofbourgeoisieagainstfeudalism.启蒙运动实际上是当时先进的资产阶级同落后的封建主义斗争的一种形式。abouttheviciousnessofhumannature,andprovethatmanisbornkindandhonest,andifhebecomesdepraved,itisonlyduetotheinfluenceofcorruptedsocialenvironment.启蒙主义者颠覆了宗教所宣扬的人类本恶的观点;论证了人生诚实而友善,而腐化堕落则是后天腐败的社会环境所致。Contrarytoallreasoning,socialinjusticestillheldstrong,foundthepowerofreasontobeinsufficient,andthereforeappealedtosentimentasameansofachievinghappinessandsocialjustice.无论怎样讲究理性,社会不平等现象仍然普遍存在,理性的力量明显不足。因此呼吁把情感的诉求作为一种谋求幸福和社会公平的手段。2、18thcentury文学的三个方面:Classicism(古典主义)、revivalofromanticpoetry(新兴的浪漫主义诗歌)、beginningsofthemodernnove
本文标题:英国文学总结一览表
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-1864186 .html