绕线转子异步电动机的控制线路

课题八绕线转子异步电动机的控制线路YR系列符号绕线转子三相异步电动机，可以通过滑环在转子绕组中串接电阻来改善电动机的机械特性，从而达到减小启动电流、增大启动转矩以及调节转速的目的。一、转子绕组串接电阻启动控制线路1.转子串接三相电阻启动原理启动时，在转子回路串入作Y形连接、分级切换的三相启动电阻器，以减小启动电流、增加启动转矩。随着电动机转速的升高，逐级减小可变电阻。启动完毕后，切除可变电阻器，转子绕组被直接短接，电动机便在额定状态下运行。转子串接三相对称电阻器转子串接三相不对称电阻器2.按钮操作控制线路L1L2L3FU1KM1M3～3FU2KHSB5QSSB1KM2KM3KMKM1KM3KM2KM1KM3KM2KMR1R2R3KHSB2SB3SB4电路组成分析KML1L2L3KM13SB5SB1KM2KM3KMKM1KM3KM2KM1KMKM3KM2KMR1R2R3SB2SB3SB4合上QS按下SB1绕线转子串联全部电阻启动FU1FU2QSM3～KHKHM3～L1L2L3KM13SB5SB1KM2KM3KMKM1KM3KM2KM1KMKM3KM2KMR1R2R3SB2SB3SB4按下SB2KM1线圈得电KM1触头闭合绕线转子串联R2,R3启动FU1FU2QSKHKHM3～L1L2L3KM13SB5SB1KM2KM3KMKM1KM3KM2KM1KMKM3KM2KMR1R2R3SB2SB3SB4按下SB3KM2线圈得电KM2触头闭合绕线转子串联R3启动FU1FU2QSKHKHM3～L1L2L3KM13SB5SB1KM2KM3KMKM1KM3KM2KM1KMKM3KM2KMR1R2R3SB2SB3SB4按下SB4KM3线圈得电KM3触头闭合绕线转子切除全部电阻运行FU1FU2QSKHKHM3～L1L2L3KM13SB5SB1KM2KM3KMKM1KM3KM2KM1KMKM3KM2KMSB2SB3SB4松开SB4电动机继续运行R1R2R3FU1FU2QSKHKH3.时间继电器自动控制线路L1L2L3FU1KM1M3～3FU2KHSB2QSSB1KM2KM3KMKMKT3KM3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1KMR1KT1KT2KT3R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KH电路组成分析L1L2L3M3～3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2合上QS按下SB1KM线圈得电KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2KHQSKHL1L2L3M3～3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KM触头闭合绕线转子串联全部电阻启动KT1线圈得电KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2KHQSKHL1L2L3M3～3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KT1延时闭合触头闭合KM1线圈得电KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2KHQSKHL1L2L3M3～3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KM1触头闭合绕线转子串联R2,R3启动KT2线圈得电KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2KHQSKHL1L2L3M3～3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KT2延时闭合触头闭合KM2线圈得电KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2KHQSKHL1L2L3M3～3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KM2触头闭合绕线转子串联R3启动KT3线圈得电KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2KHQSKHL1L2L3M3～3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KT3延时闭合触头闭合KM3线圈得电KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2KHQSKHL1L2L3M3～3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KM3触头闭合绕线转子切除全部电阻运行KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2KHQSKHL1L2L3M3～3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KM3动断触头断开KT1线圈失电KT1触头断开KM1线圈失电KM1触头断开KT2线圈失电KT2触头断开电动机继续运转KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2KHQSKH4.电流继电器自动控制电路L1L2L3FU1M3～3FU2KHSB2QSSB1KMKMKA1KM2KMR2R1KA2KHKA1KAKM3KA3R3KA3KM1KM1KM2KM3KA2KAKMKM1KM2KM3电路组成分析L1L2L3FU1M3～3SB2SB1KMKMKA1KM2KMR2R1KA2KA1KAKM3KA3R3KA3KM1KM1KM2KM3KA2KAKMKM1KM2KM3合上QS按下SB1KM线圈得电FU2KHQSKHL1L2L3FU1M3～3SB2SB1KMKMKA1KM2KMR2R1KA2KA1KAKM3KA3R3KA3KM1KM1KM2KM3KA2KAKMKM1KM2KM3KM触头闭合绕线转子串联全部电阻启动KＡ线圈得电FU2KHQSKHL1L2L3FU1M3～3SB2SB1KMKMKA1KM2KMR2R1KA2KA1KAKM3KA3R3KA3KM1KM1KM2KM3KA2KAKMKM1KM2KM3KA动合触头闭合因启动电流大,KA1,KA2.KA3的动断触头断开,继续串联全部电阻启动FU2KHQSKHL1L2L3FU1M3～3SB2SB1KMKMKA1KM2KMR2R1KA2KA1KAKM3KA3R3KA3KM1KM1KM2KM3KA2KAKMKM1KM2KM3因速度加快，电流减小，KA1欠电流,动断触头闭合KM1线圈得电KM1触头闭合串联R2,R3继续启动FU2KHQSKHL1L2L3FU1M3～3SB2SB1KMKMKA1KM2KMR2R1KA2KA1KAKM3KA3R3KA3KM1KM1KM2KM3KA2KAKMKM1KM2KM3因速度再加快电流继续减小KA2欠电流,动断触头闭合KM2线圈得电KM2触头闭合串联R3继续启动FU2KHQSKHL1L2L3FU1M3～3SB2SB1KMKMKA1KM2KMR2R1KA2KA1KAKM3KA3R3KA3KM1KM1KM2KM3KA2KAKMKM1KM2KM3因速度再加快电流继续减小KA3欠电流,动断触头闭合KM3线圈得电KM3触头闭合切除全部电阻全速运行FU2KHQSKH二、转子绕组串联频敏变阻器启动控制线路频敏变阻器是一种阻抗值随频率明显变化、静止的无触点电磁元件。它实质上是一个铁心损耗非常大的三相电抗器。在电动机启动时，将频敏变阻器串接在转子绕组中，启动完毕短接切除频敏变阻器。L1L2L3FU1FU2QSKM1KM1KM2RFKTKM2M3～KM1KHSB2SB1KTKM2KM2KM23电路组成分析KHL1L2L3FU1KM1KM1KM2RFM3～SB2SB1KTKM2KM23合上QS按下SB1KM1线圈得电KT线圈得电KTKM2KM1KM2FU2QSKHKHL1L2L3FU1KM1KM1KM2RFM3～SB2SB1KTKM2KM23KM1触头闭合电动机串联频敏电阻启动KTKM2KM1KM2FU2QSKHKHL1L2L3FU1KM1KM1KM2RFM3～SB2SB1KTKM2KM23KT延时闭合触头闭合KM2线圈得电KM2触头闭合切除频敏电阻电动机全速运行KTKM2KM1KM2FU2QSKHKHL1L2L3FU1KM1KM1KM2RFM3～SB2SB1KTKM2KM23KT线圈失电KT延时闭合触头复位电动机继续全速运行KTKM2KM1KM2FU2QSKHKH三、凸轮控制器控制线路中、小容量绕线转子异步电动机的启动、调速及正反转控制，常常采用凸轮控制器来实现，以简化操作，如桥式起重机上大部分采用这种控制线路。L1L2L3M3～QSI＞I＞AC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA954321012345反转零位正转KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3电路组成分析KMKM正转L1L2L3M3～QSI＞I＞AC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA954321012345反转零位正转KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3合上QS,按下SB1KMKML1L2L3M3～QSI＞I＞AC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA954321012345反转零位正转KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3KM触头闭合KMKML1L2L3M3～QSI＞I＞AC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA954321012345反转零位正转KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3手轮转到“正”１位置KMKML1L2L3M3～QSI＞I＞AC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA954321012345反转零位正转KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3手轮转到“正”２位置KMKML1L2L3M3～QSI＞I＞AC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA954321012345反转零位正转KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3手轮转到“正”３位置KMKML1L2L3M3～QSI＞I＞AC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA954321012345反转零位正转KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3手轮转到“正”４位置KMKML1L2L3M3～QSI＞I＞AC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA954321012345反转零位正转KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3手轮转到“正”４位置KMKM反转L1L2L3M3～QSI＞I＞AC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA954321012345反转零位正转KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3合上QS,按下SB1KMKML1L2L3M3