毕业设计论文装载机工作装置设计

2008级工程机械综合课程设计ZL30装载机工作装置设计1目录摘要······································································································I第一章装载机的发展和应用·········································································11.1装载机概述·························································································11.2装载机的发展······················································································2第二章装载机总体参数的确定······································································62.1装载机阻力的确定···············································································62.1.1插入阻力·······················································································62.1.2铲起阻力·······················································································62.1.3转斗阻力矩····················································································72.2装载机的总体布置原则·········································································82.3装载机各部件的布置············································································92.4装载机的总体构造和分类····································································10第三章工作装置设计················································································133.1工作装置结构分析·············································································133.1.1装载机工作装置············································································133.1.2结构形式的选择············································································143.2铲斗设计··························································································163.2.1铲斗结构形式的选择······································································163.2.2铲斗基本参数的确定······································································183.3工作机构连杆系统的尺寸参数设计························································213.3.1工作装置结构设计·········································································223.3.2动臂设计·····················································································223.3.3连杆机构设计···············································································243.4工作装置强度计算·············································································273.4.1确定工作装置的计算位置·······························································273.4.2工作装置载荷分析·········································································283.4.3典型工况分析···············································································293.4.5工作装置受力分析·········································································303.4.6工作装置强度校核·········································································342第四章工作装置液压系统设计····································································384.1液压系统设计要求·············································································384.2油缸作用力的确定·············································································384.3液压系统设计计算·············································································394.4液压系统原理分析·············································································404.5工作装置的限位机构··········································································41总结·····································································································43主要参考文献···························································································44I摘要装载机主要用来装卸成堆散料，也能进行轻度的铲掘工作。由于它适用于建筑、矿山、铁道、公路、水电等国民经济各个部门，因此，在国内外，产量与品种的发展都较快，是工程机械中的一个主要机种。装载机根据不同的使用要求，发展形成了不同的结构类型。通常，按使用场合的不同，分成露天用装载机和井下用装载机；按行走系统结构不同，分成轮式装载机与履带式装载机；按卸料方式不同，分为前卸式（前端式）、后卸式与回转式装载机。此次的毕业设计论文先对装载机的发展概况及设计的指导思想、特点、任务进行概述，然后确定方案，在技术设计部分罗列了ZL30装载机的主要技术性能和参数，进行了牵引特性计算。主要是针对国产装载机ZL30的工作装置进行设计，包括它的铲斗的选择包括：结构形式，具体参数，铲斗容量。然后进行的是其连杆机构的设计包括动臂的一些数据计算以及连杆机构中一些组件的尺寸，以及工作装置的强度的计算，采用受力分析法进行计算分析，最后进行装载机工作装置液压系统的设计。关键词：装载机，工作装置，连杆,铲斗1第一章装载机的发展和应用1.1装载机概述装载机主要用来铲、装、卸、运土和石料一类散状物料，也可以对岩石、硬土进行轻度铲掘作业。如果换不同的工作装置，还可以完成推土、起重、装卸其他物料的工作。在公路施工中主要用于路基工程的填挖，沥青和水泥混凝土料场的集料、装料等作业。由于它具有作业速度快，机动性好，操作轻便等优点，因而发展很快，成为土石方施工中的主要机械。金属矿山的开采可划分为露天开采和地下开采两大类。我国露天矿采以矿石的比重约占70％，但从事地下开采的人员比露天开采的人员多。这是因为地下开采的条件复杂，使用的设备种类繁多，在产量相同的条件下，对地下矿投资的人力和物力远大于露天矿的缘故。保护自然环境和合理地利用矿藏资源，是发展社会主义经济的必要条件。随着浅埋矿床的耗尽而愈来愈向深部开采，或当露天升采的深度很大而使地表遭受大面积的破坏时，就必须采用地下开采。可以预料今后地下开采仍将逐渐增加。不论是露天矿开采还是地下矿开采，对矿体较硬的金属矿山，都是经凿岩爆破将崩落松散矿石或岩石，经装运作业运至下步工序的作业地点。装载作业是矿山整个生产过程小既繁重又费时的作业。所以努力提高装载机械的作业能力，对实现矿山生产的高效率低消耗想着重要的作用。ZL系列轮式装载机是一种高效率的工程机械，具有结构先进，性能可靠，机动性强，操纵方便等优点。广泛应用于矿山，建筑工地，道路修建，水利工程，港口，货场，电站以及其他工业部门，进行装载，推土，铲挖，起重，牵引等多种作业。对加快工程建设速度减轻劳动强度提高工程质量降低工程成本都发挥着重要作用，因此近几年来无论在国内还是国外装载机品种和产量都得到迅速发展，成为工程机械的主导产品之一。为适应装载机多功能作业的要求，轮式装载机已经向一机功能方向发展。这主要靠主机控制适合多种作业的组合工作装置完成。80年代国外装载机和液压挖掘机除了不断完善装，挖功能外，正向一机多能方向发展。许多公司竞相生产各式各样的辅助机构。这种机型使用范围很广，其产品受到用户的普遍关注。在通用拖拉机前端加装载装置，后部加挖掘装置可改装变形成前装后挖拖拉机，亦称挖掘装载机，俗称“两头忙”。工作装置的性能分析过去多采用作图分析和手工计算法，工作量繁重，精度较低。当分析工矿较多时问题更为突出，为克服手工画图的误差。本次设计前面所进行的工2作装置CAD设计是通过看资料、实物，通过初步分析、计算而确定的方案。其次要考虑各个工作液压缸作用力的均衡性，整机的稳定性，整机与地面的附着性、满足结构和布置的可能性，以综合比较初选方案，从而确定机构参数（一般来说，从计算机辅助分析中发现不合理的现象可究其原因，采取改进措施，是设计合理化。对已经拟订的各种方案可通过计算机辅助分析作进一步的取舍和修改，以便确定较合理的方案）。同时，通过性能分析能够