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四级作文四级写作简介1.四级考试写作的评分原则•1.作文采用总体评分法(GlobalScoring),就总的印象给出奖励分(RewardScores),而不是按语言点错误数目扣分。•2.从内容和语言两方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体。作文应该表达题目所规定的内容,而内容要通过语言来表达。既要考虑作文是否切题,是否用英语清楚而明确地表达了主题思想,也要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。•3.避免趋中倾向。该给高分的给高分,包括满分,该给低分的给低分,包括0分,一名阅卷人员在所评阅的全部作文卷中不应只给中间的几种分数。•2、写作评分标准•写作满分=奖励分+基本分•奖励分:字迹,卷面,闪光点•基本分:语言,结构,内容•写作分数档次:0,2,5,7,11,14具体评分标准如下•0分——白卷,作文与题目毫不相关,或只有几个孤立的词而思想无法表达。•2分——条理不清,思路紊乱,语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误,且多为严重错误。•5分——基本切题。表达思想不够清楚,连贯性差,有较多的严重语言错误。•7分——基本切题。表达思想比较清楚,文章尚连贯,但语言错误比较多,其中有一些是严重错误。•11分——切题。表达思想清楚,文字连贯,但有少量语言错误。•14分——切题。表达思想清楚,内容丰富,文字通顺,连贯性好。基本上无语言错误。•另外,字数不足,也酌情扣分,如累计字数为110-119扣1分,100-109扣2分,90—99扣3分,70-79扣5分,50-59扣7分,少于49扣9分。累计字数不包括题目中给出的主题句、起始句和结尾句中的字数。•如果字数不少,但段落数不够,也酌情扣分。比如在要求写三段的作文中只写了一段,只能得0—4分;只写两段,只能得0—9分。•1、结构•三大段:•引出话题topic•分析话题analysis•总结话题conclusion•1、结构•段落结构层次清晰:•Firstly,secondly,finally•Tobeginwith,inaddition,lastbutnotleast•Foronething,foranother•2、内容•主题段落论证:•议论文:各方观点•说明文:前因后果•记叙文:举例论证•3、语言•准确是第一要务•E.g.错误表达“Iisstudents.”•出彩是锦上添花•语言句型多样化•语言:think,inmyopinion,asfarasIcansee•句型:倒装句,从句考试题型议论文(Argument)书信类(Letter)看图说话(Picture)图表类(Chart)议论文(Argument)•话题:1)校园生活类话题:[E.g]2009.12:CreatingaGreenCampus2)社会热点类话题:[E.g]2010.12:HowShouldParentsHelpChildrentoBeIndependent?如何写好一篇议论文?——AGoodOutlineGeneralOutlineofArguments1.一篇议论文基本可以分为3大部分1).引入话题(通过一个日常现象,最好不要照抄题目,可以进行同义词替换)2).议论部分(阐述不同的论点,注意题目中给出的中文提纲)3).总结(再次点题;再次强调自己的立场)2.段落数:2+N一般为4段例题•Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicIsATestofSpokenEnglishNecessary?Youshouldwriteatleast100words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegiveninChinesebelow:1.很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试,理由是……2.也有人持不同意见,……3.我的看法和打算如何引入?——一个现象•IsATestofSpokenEnglishNecessary?WiththedevelopmentofEnglisheducationinChina,nowadays,manyattentionshavebeenpaidtospokenEnglishskills.Thequestion,whetherstudentscanactuallyuseEnglishasacommunicationtoolafteryearsofstudy,hascausedhotdebate.Asaresult,testofspokenEnglishisbecomingincreasinglycommoninEnglisheducation.Butdoesitreallynecessarytosetsuchatest?如何议论?——根据提纲,各个击破1.很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试,理由是……2.也有人持不同意见,……3.我的看法和打算(结论)议论段落基本结构:TopicSentences+SupportiveDetails/ExamplesTopic:AgreeDetails:1.Chinesestudents'poorperformanceinspokenEnglish;2.BringawarenessoftheimportanceoforalEnglishtostudents.Topic:DisagreeDetails:1.Studentsalreadyhaveenoughburdentowardstheirstudy;2.Tosomeextent,readingandwritingskillsisenoughforstudentstogetagoodmarkinexam.如何结尾?——你的看法和打算•我的看法和打算(结论)基本结构:Yourthought+Themeaningofyourchoice例:我认为应该举办英语口试+这么做的意义何在Inmyopinion,atestofspokenEnglishwilldomoregoodthanharm.SinceChinawillcontinueitspolicyofopeningandreform,theabilitytospeakEnglishfluentlyisamustforanyonewhowantstosurpassothersinahighlycompetitivesociety.WhetherItakethetestornot,IshallsparenoeffortstopracticeoralEnglishintheremainingyearsofmycollegestudy.模板1•PeopleholddifferentviewsaboutX./__or__,whichisbetter?Differentpeoplehavediverseopinionsuponthisquestion(issue)./People’sopinionsaredivideduponthisissue.•Somepeoplethink(believe,argue,recognize,)that观点1.Butotherpeopletakeanoppositeside.Theyfirmlybelievethat观点2.•Asforme,Iagreetotheformer/latteridea.Thereareadozenofreasonsbehindmybelief.Firstofall,论据1.Moreimportantly,论据2.Mostimportantofall,论据3.•Insummary,总结观点.Asacollegestudent,Iamsupposedto表决心.模板2(3段论)•ThereisnoconsensusofopinionsamongpeopleaboutX(争论的焦点).Somepeopleareoftheviewthat观点1,whileotherstakeanoppositeside,firmlybelievingthat观点2.•AsfarasIamconcerned,theformer/latternotionispreferableinmanysenses.Thereasonsareobvious.Firstofall,论据1.Furthermore,论据2.Amongallofthesupportingevidences,oneisthestrongest.Thatis,论据3.•Fromtheabovediscussion,wecancometotheconclusionthat总结观点.(可加谚语做结尾)高分策略:注重结构的逻辑性•关联词:一.Addition此外inaddition,and,similarly,besides,furthermore,also,moreover,notonly...but,二.Sequence顺序Inthefirstplace,initially,tobeginwith,inthesecondplace,moreoverinthethirdplace,atlast,finally三.Consequence结果asaresult,thus,therefore,consequently,itfollowsthat,thereby,eventually,tothatcase,admittedly高分策略:注重结构的逻辑性四.Contrast对比(转折)however,ontheotherhand,despite,inspiteof,though,although,but,onthecontrary,otherwise,yet,insteadof,rather,whereas,nonethelesscomparedwith,incontrast五.Certainty确定obviously,certainly,plainly,ofcourse,undoubtedly六.Condition条件if,unless,whether,providedthat,sothat,whether,dependingon,Incasethat高分策略:注重结构的逻辑性七.Summary总结inconclusion,insummary,tosumup,toconclude,inshort,allinall八.Example举例forexample,forinstance,justas,inparticular,suchas,namely九.Reason原因since,as,so,because(of),dueto,owingto,thereasonwhy,inotherwords,leadsto,cause图表类(Chart)•解题思路:1)审题:认真阅读写作提示2)作文提纲:第一段:转述文章题目,仔细描述图表内容,并阐述数据显示出的问题/现象/趋势第二段:分析这种问题/现象/趋势出现的原因第三段:做出评价,这种问题/现象/趋势可能引发的结果与对策。例题•Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestostartashortessayentitledTheReductionofStudents’ExtracurricularActivitiesbasedonthestatisticsprovidedinthechartbelow(weeklyhours).Pleasegiveabriefdescriptionofthechartfirstandthenmakeyourcommentsonit.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.hoursyear•Accordingtothefiguresshowninthegraph,wecanseethatgreatchangeshavetakenplaceintheextracurriculara
本文标题:四级作文-四大类型
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