中子照相技术及其应用

裴宇阳唐国有郭之虞(100871)本文简述中子照相的原理方法和特征包括中子源,中子转换屏,中子成像技术等关键技术给出在45MV静电加速器上快中子照相的结果并概述中子照相技术的一些应用实例中子照相快中子中子转换屏无损检测60,,80,,1,19852,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,X,X,X,,,X,,,,,,X::a),,,;b),;c);d),X(1)X1X,,252Cf,,,,,,,,1955,,2070,,,111,(),(2),172Ix=I0e-XB(E,Z,x)(1),I0,Ix,=n,n,,B(E,Z,x),(),,,Ix,,12:(),(3),,,32:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:21:211235U,0005eV005eV,106~108n/cm2s-1,,,,,,,,,,212,RFQ:D(d,n);T(d,n);9Be(d,n);9Be(p,n)D(d,n),T(d,n)RFQ1013/s.4T(d,n)14MeV,1011/s.4500h,,(),,,18,,,,,,,,213252Cf(),216MeV,252Cf265,,252Cf(),,109n/s.4252Cf,22,,,,,,,,:,mcnp,23,,,,,,D,L,L/D,,20~100,100~500,,,,,24,,,,,,,,241,(1),(CCD,IP)6Li+ZnS(Ag),6Li+ZnS(Cu)(2),,,242,,H(n,n)H,,,ZnS(Ag),,25,,;IP,,19CCD,,,CCD,,2513,,,,,,,252(6Li,10B,235U),,,,,NaOHKOHCR39,,,,,CR39,,,,253CCD4CCD(),,,,,,CCD,,4CCD,,,,,,,,254(IP)5,6IPFuji,PSL(PhotositimulatedLuminescence),,X,IPX,,IP(),,IP,,,IPIPIP,,IPIP,,:TEM,,,,X(IPX)(In),7XCT,,,,,,26X38,,,,,,,,,,,45MV,9Be(d,n)207MeV,Fe,,1mm,1cm(Fe),(4)7cm,1cm3cm5cm(Fe)(5)(6)41mm564,,20000,41,9(7),,02mm7,107,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,5%,,42,,,,21,,,,(8)843,11,,,,,,,,4412,,,,,,,45,,,(Gupta),,,X,,,,X,,,,,,,,,,,,15,,.,:,19962,.,:,19973SFujine,K.Yoneda,K.yoshii,et.al.,DevelopmentofimagingtechniquesforfastneutronradiographyinJapan,Nucl.Instr.andMeth.1999,A424:190~1994V.Mikerov,W.Waschkowski,FastneutronfieldsimagingwithaCCDbasedluminescentdetector,Nucl.Instr.andMeth.1999,A424:48~525ToshiyaSanami,MamoruBaba,KeilichiroSaito,et.al.,Fastneutronprofilingwithanimagingpkate,Nucl.Instr.andMeth2001,A458:720~7286M.Matsubayashi,T.Hibiki,K.Mishima,et.al.,Preliminaryexaminationoftheapplicabilityofimagingplatestofastneutronradiography,Nucl.Instr.andMeth:2001,A463:324~3307T.Tamakietal.,Proc.WCNR5,1997,3918,,.,9VERGINIAR.CRISPIM,DetectionofCorrosioninAircratfAluminumAlloys,Appl.Radiat.Isot.Vol49,1998,(7):779~78210,,.,,Vol.15,1995,(2):88~9111E.H.Lehmann,P,Vontobel,A.Hermann,Non-destructiveanalysisofnuclearfuelbymeansofthermalandcoldneutrons,Nucl.Instr.andMeth.2003,A515:745~75912M.W.Johnson,TheIndustrialUsesofNeutron,Appll.Radiat.Isot.Vol.46,1995,(6/7):673~680(16)22DNA20min,PCRCE,PCR,PCR,PCRAnderson6Gattschlich7RNAPCRPCRDNADNADNA,HIV,RT-PCR,PCR8,,,PCR,1,,.,,2002,4:12~152JeffChiou,PaulMatsudaira,AinSonin,etal.Aclosed-cyclecapillarypolymerasechainreactionmachine.AnalChem,2001,73:2018~20213,,.(),,2002,34:117~1234BublmannC,PreckelT,CbanS,etal.Anewtoolforroutinetestingofcellularproteinexpression:integrationofcellstainingandexpressiononamicro-fluidicchip-basedsystem.BiomolecularTechniques,2003,14:119~1275.,,2004,3:1~56AndersonRC,SuX,BogdanGJ,etal.Aminiatureintegrateddeviceforautomatednultisepgeneticassay.Nucl.AcidsRes,2000,28:e607GottschlichN,GulbertsonCT,McknightTE,etal.Integratedmicrochipfordigestion,separationandpostcolumnlabelingofproteinsandpeptides.J.ChromatogB,2000,745:243~2498,,.SARS,,2003,4:13~16()MicrofluidicchiptechniqueanditsapplicationonlaboratorymedicineYueZhihongZhangZheng(PeoplesHospitalofPekingUniversity,Beijing100044)AbstractLabonachiphasbeenwidelyusedinbioscienceresearchasanewtechnicalflat.Microfluidicbasedmicrodevicescanbeappliedinboththefieldsofgenomicsandproteomics,includinganalysisofgeneexpress,genepolymorphismstudiesandclinicaldiagnosticsetal.Withinthesesystems,materialistransportedwithinmicrostructureswhereseparations,reactionsandanalysiscanoccur.CapillaryelectrophoresisbymicrofluidicsisanalternativemethodformorerapidlyseparatingsuchasPCRproducts.Thereviewdescribesbasicprinciple,researchofmicrofluidicchipanditsapplicationonlaboratorymedicine.KeywordsMicrofluidicchipCapillaryelectrophoresisLaboratorymedicine(22)ProgressinneutronradiographyandtheirapplicationPeiYuyangTangGuoyouGuoZhiyu(InstituteofHeavyIonPhysics,PekingUniversity,Beijing100871)AbstractInthispaper,thebasicprinciple,methodandcharacteristicsofneutronradiographytechnologyarebrieflydescribed,includingthetechniqueofneutrongeneratingsource,theneutron-sensitiveconverterandVariousdetectorsystems.Someresultsoffastneutronimagingwith4.5MVVandeGraffofPekingUniversityaregiven,andsomeapplicationofneutronradiographyareexpounded.KeywordsNeutronradiographyFastneutronNeutron-sensitiveconverterNDT16