中考定语从句ppt

GrammarAttributiveClauses定语从句考点揭密在复合句中修饰名词、代词，并由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句称为定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词(词组成句子)称为先行词，初中教材着重介绍了关系代词that,which,who所引导的定中考考点设置1.定语从句为新教材着重要求掌握的内容，从2003年考题来看，全国均未作为重点考查项目，但定语从句的学习在阅读理解内容中出现频率较多。2.着重掌握引导词的选用，特别是一定的特定境况下只能用that,不能用which的情况：LiMingisaboy.LiMingisagoodboy.LiMingisagoodboy.形容词作定语介词短语作定语在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句作定语叫做定语从句。goodwithglasseswhoiswearingglasses句子作定语定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语为例）例：ThegirlbehindthetreeisKate.Themandrivingtoofastwasdrunk.定语从句在英语中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。例：ThegirlwhoisbehindthetreeisKate.Themanwhowasdrivingtoofastwasdrunk.关系代词如何引导定语从句普通代词与关系代词的区别Ihaveasister.SheworksinShanghai.代替sister普通代词：只起代替的作用（如上例she)Ihaveasisterwho/thatworksinShanghai.关系代词：（如上例who/which）1.代替先行词;2.它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分;3.同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。（把主句和从句连起来）Thebuildingisourschool.Thebuildingstandsbytheriver.关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密切，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的人称、数必须和先行词一致。Thebuildingwhich/thatstandsbytheriverisourschool.先行词关系词定语从句which/that是关系代词，它在从句中代替先行词thebuilding,同时担任从句中的主语，也起连词的作用，把两个简单句连接起来。关系词判断步骤:首先，要看先行词。如果先行词是指人,关系代词可用who,that,whom,whose。如果先行词指物,关系代词可用which或that;然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表指代所做成分是否可省略that人；物主语；宾语作宾语可省which物主语；宾语作宾语可省who人主语；宾语作宾语可省whom人宾语可省whose人；物定语不可省关系代词的用法最后，定语从句谓语动词和先行词一致.注:定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。Thewomanwho/thatspokeatthemeetingyesterdayismymother.(主句)Thewomanismymother.(叙述客观事实用一般现在时)(从句)Thewoman(who/that)spokeatthemeetingyesterday.(句中yesterday表示过去时间)thetallthestrongthecleverboyTheboyisTom.TheboywhoistallisTom.TheboywhoisstrongisTomTheboywhoiscleverisTomTheboyisTom.Theboyissmiling.TheboyisTom.Theboyhasaroundface.TheboywhoissmilingisTom.(主语)TheboywhohasaroundfaceisTom.TheboyisTom.Hesitsinfrontofme.TheboywhositsinfrontofmeisTom.关系代词who,that作主语•1.Yourfriendcametoseeyouyesterday.•2.YourfriendstudiesinBeijingUniversity.Yourfriendwho/thatstudiesinBeijingUniversitycametoseeyouyesterday.关系代词whom,that作宾语•1.Heistheman.•2.Youhavebeenwaitingfortheman.Heistheman(whom/that)youhavebeenwaitingfor.关系代词which,that作主语•1.Itsoundedlikeatrain.•2.Atrainwasgoingundermyhouse.Itsoundedlikeatrainwhich/thatwasgoingundermyhouse.关系代词which/that作宾语•1.Theearthisabigball.•2.Weliveontheearth.Theearth(which/that)weliveonisabigball.关系代词1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）Theman(who)Italkedwithisourteacher.Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.2.whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)Theman(whom/who)ItalkedtoisMr.Li.ThemantowhomItalkedisMr.Li.Themaniskind.Everyonelikeshim.Theman(who)everyonelikesiskind.(宾语)Thewomangotthejob.Wesawheronthestreet.Thewoman(whom)wesawonthestreetgotthejob.Theteacherwillgiveusatalk.Wemettheteacheryesterday.Theteacher(whom)wemetyesterdaywillgiveusatalk.4.which指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.TheTVset(which)heboughtyesterdayismadeinJapan.Isthisthelibrary(which)youborrowbooksfrom?Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?appletheredthegreenthesmallthebigTheapplewhichisredismine.Theapplewhichisgreenisyours.TheapplewhichisredissmallTheapplewhichisgreenisbig.1)Thisisthehero(whom)weareproudof.Thisistheheroofwhomweareproud.Thisisthehero(that)weareproudof.2)Theroom(that)Iliveinisverybig.Theroom(which)Iliveinisverybig.TheroominwhichIliveisverybig.TheroomwhereIliveisverybig.注意:固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前.例如:lookafter,lookat…关系代词与介词:介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用which代物,用whom代人。(介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略)关系代词3.whose是代词的所有格形式,它既可以代人也可以代物。Pleaseshowmethebook.Itscoverisred.Pleaseshowmethebookwhosecoverisred.Isawawoman.Herbagwasstolen.Isawawomanwhosebagwasstolen.关系代词whose作定语•1.Doyouknowtheman?•2.Theman’swatchismissing.Doyouknowthemanwhosewatchismissing?它还可以同ofwhich互换whose+n.=then.+ofwhich•1.Pleasepassmethebook.•2.Thebook’scoverisgreen.Pleasepassmethebookthecoverofwhichisgreen.Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen•1.YesterdayImetMrLi_________toldmethewholematter.•2.Thisistheman______daughterisinmyclass.•3.Thebook___________theysentmeisverygood.练一练who/that(which/that)whose————关系副词关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样,在从句中代替先行词,在句中作状语。where:在从句中作地点状语,指代地点.when:在从句中作时间状语,指代时间。1.Thehotelwasn’tclean.+Westayedatthehotel.Thehotelwherewestayedwasn’tclean.Thehotelatwhichwestayedwasn’tclean.Thehotel(which)westayedatwasn’tclean.2.I’llneverforgettheday.IjoinedtheLeagueonthatday.I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheLeague.I’llneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedtheLeague.但要注意在以下6种情况下,指物时用that不用which,who1.先行词是all,any,everything,anything,nothing,something,much,little,few,none,theone等时•①Thereismuchthatshouldbeused.2.先行词被all,any,no,only,little,much,very,every,some,few,none等修饰时•①Ihavereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.•②Everydictionarythatourlibraryboughtisgood.•练一练1.Youmaytakeanythinguseful____youwant.2.Thisistheverybook____I‘mlookingfor.3.Thisistheonlything____wecando.4.Weshoulddoall____isusefultothepeople.thatthatthatthat3.当先行词前有形容词的最高级修饰时•①ThisisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.4.先行词前有序数词修饰时,包括thelast.•①ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.•②TheGreatWallisthelastplacethatMr.SmithisgoingtovisitbeforeheleavesBeijing.5.在以which,who作主语的特殊疑问句中的定语从句中•①Whoisthemanthatisreadingabookthere?•②Whichisthemagazinethatyouborrowedfromthereadingroom?6.当先