写作教程第二版(邹申)-Unit-4-Customs

MadebyPizza.CUnit4CustomsProcessAnalysisMadebyPizza.CUnitObjectives•Definition-Processanalysis•Function-Processanalysis•Usage-Processanalysis•LinkingDevice-Processanalysis•Exercise-ProcessanalysisMadebyPizza.C•First,placethevictimonhisbackandremoveanyforeignmatterfromhismouthwithyourfingers.Thentilthisheadbackwards,sothathischinispointingup.Next,pullhismouthopenandhisjawforward,pinchhisnostrilsshuttopreventtheairwhichyoublowintohismouthfromescapingthroughhisnose.Thenplaceyourmouthtightlyoverthevictim’s.Blowintohismouthuntilyouseehischestrise.Thenturnyourheadtothesideandlistenfortheoutrushofairwhichindicatesanairexchange.Repeattheprocess…•First,placethevictimonhisbackandremoveanyforeignmatterfromhismouthwithyourfingers.Thentilthisheadbackwards,sothathischinispointingup.Next,pullhismouthopenandhisjawforward,pinchhisnostrilsshuttopreventtheairwhichyoublowintohismouthfromescapingthroughhisnose.Thenplaceyourmouthtightlyoverthevictim’s.Blowintohismouthuntilyouseehischestrise.Thenturnyourheadtothesideandlistenfortheoutrushofairwhichindicatesanairexchange.Repeattheprocess…MouthtomouthbreathingMadebyPizza.C•Whenyouhavetoexplainhowsomethingisdone,youusuallyfollowachronologicalsequenceandgiveastep-by-stepdescription.Asthestepsmustoccuroneafteranother,theexactorderinwhichtheyarecarriedoutismostimportant.Definition-ProcessanalysisWords&Phrasesfirst(ly),next,lastly,then,until,as,while,when,once,assoonas,atthesametime,atthispoint…MadebyPizza.CFunction-Processanalysis•Thepurposeofprocessdescriptionisusuallytoinform,teachorgiveideastothereaderabouthowsomethingnew(orinterestingorconventional)happensorinwhatwayitcanbecompleted.MadebyPizza.CWarm-upActivities–P33Step1Buymeat,vegetable,flourordumplingwrappers.Step2Cleanthemeatandvegetablesandcutthemintopieces.Step3Combinealltheseintoamixturewithsomecondiments.Step4Rolloutdumplingwrappers;ifthewrappersarebought,justwrapthemixedmeatandvegetableintodumplingsoneafteranother.Step5Cookthedumplingsinboilingwaterbeforeeatingthem.MadebyPizza.C•Topicsentence:Mothermakesloavesofbreadinthetraditionalway.•mixflour/kneaditinabigbowl/setthedoughinfrontofthefireto“rise”/dividethe“risen”doughupintofourparts/putthepartsintobreadtins/“prog”thetopoftheloavesinaninterestingpatternwithakitchenfork/leavetheminfrontofthefireforawhilelonger/putthemintotheovenFirstly,shewillthenNext,shewill,andAfterthatshewill,andLastly,byputtingMadebyPizza.CAdditionalWork–P34Step1Blendalltheingredients.Step2Rollthepasteintoroundcookies.Step3Brushthepastewitheggyolks.Step4Thenputitintheoventobake.MadebyPizza.CSample1–P35step1Getreadyflour,water,suger,salt,eggs,andchocolate.step2Mixflourandbakingsodatogetherwithwater.step3Addsaltandputbutterandsugartogetherinaseperatebowl.step4Addtwoeggstothismixture.step5Mixinchocolatechipsandnutsaftercombiningalltheingredients.step6Placethelittercookiesformedfromthemixtureontoacookiesheet.step7Bakeallthesepiecesfor8minutesat375degreesFahrenheit.step8Herearethechocolatechipcookiesthatcanbeservedforafternoontea.MadebyPizza.CSample1–Summary•ThesampleparagraphexplainsordescribesthesuccessivestepsofmakingsomecookiesforafternoonteainBritain.------ProcessWriting•Youmayillustratetheprocessofdoingsomethingindetailfrombeginningtoend.•Thedescriptionofthesedetailshastofollowtheorderoftheactualsteps.Sample1–Summary•ThesampleparagraphexplainsordescribesthesuccessivestepsofmakingsomecookiesforafternoonteainBritain.------ProcessWriting•Youmayillustratetheprocessofdoingsomethingindetailfrombeginningtoend.•Thedescriptionofthesedetailshastofollowtheorderoftheactualsteps.MadebyPizza.CSample2–P37Step1Performersareseenwalkingacrosstheringtothemusic.Step2Variousperformersstart.Step3Thefightingbullsfinallygetkilled.Step4Thebullfighterreceivesapplauseandawardsorabuse,cushionsandotherthings.Step5TheringiscleanedupMadebyPizza.CSample2–Summary•SlightlydifferencebetweentheorganizationalpatternsofSample1amdSample2.•SimilarPattern--Inthewayofdescribingtheprocessfrombeginningtotheend•Thewritermayconvenientlystructurehisparas.bythestepstheyactuallyhappen,whileeffectivenessisalsoachieved.•Transitionaldevicesareoftenusedtoensureasmoothflowfromonesteptothenext.(tobecontinued)MadebyPizza.C•However,Sample2isnotcompletelyadescriptionofaprocessasSample1inthatsentencesofexplainationorclassificationareaddedhereandtheretofurtherclarifytheprocedure.Thisis,infact,moretypicalofprocesswriting.MadebyPizza.CUnitSummaryProcessWritingexclusiveprocessdescriptionwithadditionalstatementsLinkingDevicesWords&Phraseseffective&coherentwithadditionalstatementsMadebyPizza.C3.Pattern:descriptionwithsupplementryexplanationKeystoExercisesStepsoftheprocessResultoftheeffortstep1Woodencasksarefirstinterconnectedandthenstackedintiers./step2Youngsherriesarepouredintothecasksatthetopwhereasthematuresherriesaredrawnoutofthecasksatthebottom.Onethirdofthecontentisdrawnoutofonecaskinanyoneyear.step3Differentsherriesarecnstantlymixedup.Specialcharacteristicsofthedifferentsherriesaremaintainedyearafteryear.MadebyPizza.C4•1)with2)while3)slowly4)Gradually•5)with