成果下載-飛機工程系暨航空工程科

i飛機工程系專題製作報告風力機葉片設計與性能分析指導教授:白啟正教官學生:020990193林柏亨020990194林彥旭020990201黃煌勝020990203邱彥晟020990207林原豊020990208劉任峰020990212蕭偉忠020990221張耀仁中華民國98年12月24日ii專題審定書空軍航空技術學院飛機工程系學生林柏亨林彥旭黃煌勝邱彥晟林原豊劉任峰蕭偉忠張耀仁所製作之專題題目：風力機葉片設計與性能分析符合飛機工程系學生專題畢業水準特此證明專題評審委員：白啟正_____________徐嘉偉_____________曾偉_____________指導教授：白啟正系主任：潘永堅中華民國98年12月24日i專題製作版權聲明及授權書1.本專題組員保證專題之作品及報告相關資料，並無侵害他人智慧財產權、隱私權之情事，如有侵害他人權益及觸犯法律之情事發生，立書人願自行負責一切法律責任。2.專題之成果及書面全文資料版權同意授予空軍航空技術學院，並於符合著作權法規定學術研究範圍內均同意無償使用。立書人簽名：林柏亨___________林彥旭___________黃煌勝___________邱彥晟___________林原豊___________劉任峰___________蕭偉忠___________張耀仁___________中華民國98年12月24日2摘要本次研究所要目的因上學期採取實做小型風力發電機，僅有實做無法了解到在風力發電時所需求的精密數據，故本學期採取利用電腦軟體來運算如何以固定的葉片規格來計算出更高的功率以發揮更好的發電效率，應用到的程式如:Xfoil、Excel、VBA，在不同的攻角、周速比及風速下計算出升力係數與阻力係數，比較葉片的效能，計算如何利用最小的消耗獲得最大的能量，另外本組還利用講義上的公式設計出能夠計算周速比(TSR)、剖面系數(Ci)、相對風角(φi)、節拒角(θp)，藉由這些數據，就能夠互相比較葉片的性能差異。3目錄摘要················································································1目錄················································································3圖表目錄··········································································5第一章緒論····································································71-1前言1-1-1風的成因···························································91-1-2風速·································································91-1-3風向·······························································101-1-4風力的分級······················································111-1-5目前台灣地區風力發電概況·································121-2風能····································································131-2-1優點與缺點······················································151-2-2應用·······························································161-3風車背景······························································171-4目的····································································21第二章系統原理····························································232-1系統架構······························································232-1-1外部元件·························································2342-1-2內部元件·························································242-1-3風力發電機之分類·············································252-2製作原理······························································252-2-1實際輸出電力···················································262-2-2風速·······························································272-2-3葉輪直徑·························································272-2-4葉片數目·························································272-3工作原理······························································28第三章結果與討論·························································313-1結果···································································313-2數據資料·····························································44第四章結論與未來發展···················································454-1未來發展·····························································45參考文獻········································································465圖表目錄圖形圖1.外部元件圖……………………………………………24圖2.內部元件圖……………………………………………24圖3.風力原理………………………………………………26圖4.轉子葉片的工作理……………………………………29圖5.簡化之風力機結構圖(左)轉子葉片受風剖面圖(右)29圖6.Excel運算程式………………………………………33圖7.Excel運算程式………………………………………34圖8.攻角與升力係數關係圖………………………………36圖9.攻角與阻力係數關係圖………………………………37圖10.風速與攻率關係圖……………………………………38圖11.周速比與各葉片功率係數圖…………………………39圖12.周速比與各葉片功率係數圖…………………………40圖13.周速比與各葉片功率係數圖…………………………41圖14.周速比與各葉片功率係數圖…………………………42圖15.周速比與各葉片功率係數圖…………………………436圖表表1.風力發電機分類…………………………………………25表2.風力發電機………………………………………………35表3.原作設計參數……………………………………………35表4.翼形剖面設計參數………………………………………36表5.XFOIL運算出數據………………………………………37表6.風速與功率關係表………………………………………38表7.風速與功率關係表………………………………………39表8周速比與各葉片功率係數表……………………………40表9.周速比與各葉片功率係數表…………………………41表10.周速比與各葉片功率係數表…………………………42表11.周速比與各葉片功率係數表…………………………437第一章緒論早在19世紀初，風力已被廣泛的用來推動船舶、鋸木、磨麥，取水等動力上，直到1850年後，廉價的化石燃料和電力大量供應後，風力的利用才逐漸減少。今日對於風力的利用首先考慮用於發電，所不為一利用風力發電的電力系統。大型風力發電機所提供的電力價格和傳統燃料電廠的電力價格相近。地球所蘊藏的化石燃料存量有限，為了防範化石燃料枯竭後所造成的能源危機，促使各國致力於各式再生能源開發，以期降低對化石燃料的依賴。再加上目前全球所面臨的暖化問題，而產生碳排放量的公共議題。因此投資再生能源可以降低二氧化碳的排放量，減輕目前的環境問題。台灣資源缺乏，目前所使用的能源均仰賴進口，必須加速開發本土各種再生能源。台灣地理位置及氣候條件影響，造成台灣每年夏季的西南季風、冬季的東北季風。擁有固定風向且持續不斷的季風，使台灣在發展風力發電上擁有優勢。根據能源局資料台灣年平均風速每秒大於4公尺的區域，總面積為2,000平方公里，可開發的風能潛力估計為300萬瓩。海洋大學郭金泉8教授並指出由環保及節約能源的觀點來看，建造一部風力發電機並且持續運轉20~30年後，所產生的能量是其製造、維修、運轉和拆除所需要能量的80倍。目前台灣的風力發電是以大功率為主，但是大型的風力機組受到場地限制只能被侷限在某一地區，而無法將台灣各地豐沛的風力資源妥善利用。因此本文論文目標為製作一組高效率小型風力發電系統，能夠應用在空地、農地甚至建築物屋頂等較小空間。藉由小型化的風力發電機組，將再生能源推廣到一般家庭用戶，而不再侷限於台電及獨立電廠。隨著世界經濟蓬勃發展，世界各國對於能源的需求量亦逐年增加，近來石化能源的短缺造成油價的上漲，讓各國均已意識到能源短缺的危機，因此，除了提高能源之使用效率外，尋找新的替代能源是刻不容緩的課題。其中，「再生能源」更是令人矚目的發展領域，除了可以彌補能源不足之問題外，亦可降低對環境污染之程度，歐美各先進國家早已積極投入相關之研究，如：風力發電、太陽能發電、水力發電、生質能等。其中風力發電因發電成本的降低，在過去十年來世界各國風力發電的裝置容量正以驚人的速度成長中，迄2006年9底，世界各國的總裝置容量達已73,904MW，發展潛力不容忽視，世界風能組織預測在2010年全球總裝置容量將到達160,000MW。(參考世界風能組織WWEA網站：)1-1風1-1-1風的成因太陽照射極地和赤道的不均勻使得地表的受熱不勻；地表溫度上升的速度較海面快；大氣中同溫層如同天花板的效應加速了氣體的對流；季節的變化；科氏力；月亮的反射比率1-1-2風速風速是指空氣相對於地球某一固定地點的運動速率。在日常生活中，我們把空氣的移動稱之為「風」。風速通常都用於量度室外空氣流動的速度。亦有情況需要量度空內空氣流動的速率，但比較少見。風速對我們的日10常生活佔有很重要的地位：不論是天氣預報、航空