张维友〈词汇学教程〉答案(第三版)

《英语词汇学教程》（2015年版）练习答案【Chapter1】7．tart:loosewomanbloke:fellowgat:pistolswell:greatchicken:cowardblue:fightsmoky:policefull:drunkdame:womanbeaver:girl8.haply=perhapsalbeit=althoughmethinks=itseemstomeeke=alsosooth=truthmorn=morningtroth=pledgeere=beforequoth=saidhallowed=holybillow=wave/theseabade=bid12.DenizensAliensTranslationloansSemanticloanskettlediewallskirthusbandconfrerepropatriaWunderkindmikadoparvenuchopsticktyphoonblackhumourlongtimenoseedream13.1)slangs;2)jargon;3)argot;4)contentwords;5)nativewords;6)translationloans;7)neologisms;8)denizens;9)semanticloans;10)basicvocabulary【Chapter2】1.TheIndo-EuropeanLanguageFamilyisoneofthemostimportantlanguagefamiliesintheworld.ItismadeupofmostofthelanguagesofEurope,theNearEastandIndia.EnglishbelongstothisfamilyandtheothermembersoftheIndo-EuropeanhavemoreorlessinfluenceonEnglishvocabulary.AknowledgeoftheIndo-EuropeanLanguageFamilywillhelpusunderstandEnglishwordsbetterandusethemmoreappropriately.2.Indo-EuropeanLanguageFamilyBalto-SlavicIndo-IranianCelticItalicHellenicGermanicHindiBretonSpanishGreekEnglishLithuanianPersianScottishFrenchDutchPrussianIrishItalianGermanPolishPortugueseNorwegianBulgarianRoumanianSwedishSlovenianIcelandicRussianDanish6.Wheninthecourseofhumanevents,itbecomesnecessaryforonepeopletodissolvethepoliticalbondswhichhaveconnectedthemwithanother,andtoassumeamongthepowersoftheearthseparateandequalstationtowhichthelawsofnatureandofnature'sGodentitlethem,adecentrespecttotheopinionsofmankindrequiresthattheyshoulddeclarethecauseswhichimpelthemtotheseparation.MostofthecontentwordsareeitherofGreekorLatinorigin.Whatareleftaremostlyfunctionalwords.ThisshowsthatGreekandLatinplayaveryimportantpartintheEnglishvocabulary.8.eventful[Latin+English]hydroplane[Greek+Latin]falsehood[Latin+English]pacifist[Latin+Greek]saxophone[German+Greek]heirloom[French+English]josshouse[Portuguese+English]television[Greek+Latin]9.amateur(late)finacé(late)empire(early)peace(E)courage(E)garage(L)judgement(E)chair(E)chaise(L)grace(E)servant(E)routine(L)jealous(E)savaté(L)genre(L)gender(E)début(L)morale(L)state(E)chez(L)ballet(L)11.allegro,f轻快andante,j行板diminuendo,g渐弱largo,d缓慢pianoforte,a轻转慢alto,i女低音crescendo,b渐强forte,e强piano,h轻soprano,c女高音12.cherub(Hebrew)snorkel(G)coolie(Hindi)tulip(Turk)lasso(Sp)wok(Ch)shampoo(Indian)chocolate(Mex)tepee(AmInd)jubilee(Gr)kibitz(G)Sabbath(Heb)chipmunk(AmInd)tamale(Mex)cotton(Arab)voodoo(Afr)loot(Hindi)sauerbraten(G)13.a.alligatorb.lococ.rodeod.bonanzae.igloof.blitzkriegg.wigwamh.canoei.hurricanej.boomerangk.ponchos【Chapter3】1.a.morphemeb.allomorphc.boundmorphemed.freemorphemee.affixf.inflectionalaffixg.derivationalaffixh.rooti.stemj.base6.individualisticundesirablesindividualist[stem,base]undesirable[stem,base]individual[stem,base]desirable[stem,base]dividual[stem,base]desire[root,stem,base]dividu[root,stem,base]7.freemorpheme=freerootmorphemeboundrootboundmorphemeinflectionalaffixaffixprefixderivationalaffixsuffix【Chapter4】Affixation5.non-smokerincapableimpracticaldisobeyinsecurityirrelevantimmatureinability/disabilityunofficiallyunwillingnessillegaldisagreementillogicaldisloyalinconvenientnon-athletic6.hardenhorrifymodernizememorizefalsifyapologizedeepenglorifysterilizelengthenintensifybeautifyfattensympathizea.apologizedb.beautifyc.lengtheningd.sympathizede.fatteningf.falsifyg.memorizingh.Sterilize7.a.employeeb.politicianc.participantd.waitresse.conductorf.teacherg.pianisth.examinee/examiner8.trans-=across:transcontinental,trans-Siberianmono-=one:monorail,monoculturesuper-=over,above:superstructure,supernaturalauto-=self:autobiography,automobilesub-=below:subdivide,subsectionmal-=bad,badly:malpractice,malnutritioninter-=between:international,interdependentmini-=little,small:mini-library,miniskirtpre-=before:prehistorical,preelectionex-=former:ex-president,ex-convictCompounding2.heartbeat[S+V]brainwashing[V+O]movie-goer[V+Adverbial(place)]bakingpowder[V+Adverbial(instrument)]far-reaching[V+Adverbial]dog-tired[noun-adverbial+adj.]lion-hearted[noun-adverbial+adj.]love-sick[noun-adverbial+adj.]boyfriend[S+complement]peace-loving[V+O]snapdecision[V+O]easychair[S+C]on-coming[V+adv]tax-free[noun-adverbial+adj.]light-blue[adj+adj]goings-on[V+adv]3.well-bred/well-behavedculture-bound/homeboundneedle-work/homeworkpraiseworthy/trustworthybar-woman/sportswomannation-wide/college-wideclear-minded/strong-mindedmilitary-style/western-styleself-control/self-respectbudget-related/politics-relatedwater-proof/fire-proofonce-fashionable/once-powerfulnews-film/news-lettermock-attack/mock-sadnesssister-in-law/father-in-lawhome-baked/home-producedhalf-way/half-doneever-lasting/ever-greenage-conscious/status-consciouscampus-based/market-basedConversion7.a.stomach[n→v]b.room[n→v]c.wolf[n→v]d.come/go[v→n]e.familiar[a→n]f.innocent[a→n]g.flat[a→v]h.ah/ouch[int→v]i.warm[a→n]j.has-been/might-have-been[finitev→n]k.Hamlet[propern→v]l.buy[v→n]m.smooth[a→v]Blendingmotel(motor+hotel)汽车旅馆humint(human+intelligence)人工情报，谍报advertisetics(advertisement+statistics)广告统计学psywarrior(ps