构词法

Wordformation构词法1.了解五种常见的构词法2.快速有效记忆单词，扩大词汇量，对正确使用单词词性和词形有很大帮助2.猜测语境中生词的语义，有利于提高阅读理解能力1.派生法（Derivation）在词根(root)前加前缀(prefix)或在词根后加后缀(suffix)，构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词的方法叫作派生法。un-dis-in-im-mis-non-understandpolitesmokeragreefairvisiblepossiblestopluckyleadappearcorrectsupermarket,supermanminiskirt,minibuspostwar,post-readingforetell,forecastsemicircle,semi-finalantiwar,antiknock,anti-gasunderground,underdeveloprebuild,remarry,rereadsubway,subtitle,international,internetencourage,enlargeco-worker,cooperatepost–(之后)super-（超级）mini-（微小）fore-(前，预先)semi-(半，部分)anti-(阻止，抗)under-(在…下/中），动动脑：找出下列单词中的前缀，并讨论前缀所含意义re-再；又sub-下面的；次；小inter-相互en-使…动词前缀co-共同常见的后缀-er-or-tion-ment-ity-ist-ese-hood-ion-ly-ous-ful-able-ence-al-less-ern-en-ive-ed-ingsurvive,educate,develop,visit,move,satisfy,teach,sail,piano,art,child,differbrother,act,solute,conclude,east,possible,sincere,danger,color,use,value,surprise,culture,nation,fright,china2.合成法(Compounding)英语构词法中把两个单词连在一起合成一个新词，前一个词修饰或限定后一个词，这样的方法就是合成法。blackboardspaceshipweekendman-madefirst-classEnglish-speakinggrouppurchasingant-likegraduatesleftoverladies3.转化法（Conversion）把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法.1.Heisamanofstrongbuild.2.Haveyoubookedtheticket?3.Whensomeonehashurtyou,calmyourselffirst.4.Shenursedherhusbandbacktohealth.Don’ttroubletroubleuntiltroubletroublesyou.[谚语]麻烦没来找你，别自找麻烦。4.混成法Blending将两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词，前半部分表属性，后半部分表主体。news+broadcast→newscastsmoke+fog→smoghelicopter+→heliportmotor+hotelmotel+brunch+botel新闻广播烟雾直升飞机场汽车旅馆lunchbreakfast早午餐boathotelairport水上旅馆5.缩略法（Abbreviation）将单词缩写，词义和词性保持不变，主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式,又叫截短法。1.截头telephone→airplane→2.去尾mathematics→examination→kilogram→laboratory→taxicab→3.截头去尾influenza→refrigerator→phoneplanemathsexamkilolabtaxi/cabflufridgeIOCVOA生死攸关的2.Down-to-earthspiritisanecessity.Sharpwordsfromateachercanusuallybringaday-dreamingstudentdown-to-earth.实事求是，脚踏实地3.Yet,shopkeepersmayhavetospendextrahourstodealwithproblems,suchasshoplifters,whoalwaystakeawaythingsfromtheshopwithoutpayingforthem…A.商店里的小偷C老客户B.推销员D搬运工A4.…Itwouldbeeasyforsomeonetomispresenthimselfonlinebecauseyoucan’tseehim.Thussomeonewhosaysthat“sheisa12-year-oldgirl.”couldreallybeanoldman.Givingawrongdescriptionof英语构词法主要有派生法(即词根加前缀或后缀构成的新词)、合成法和转化法三种。从近几年的广东高考题来看，阅读理解中除了有汉语注明的个别生词，以及大约2.5%的派生词和合成词外，没有出现过考纲外的生词。因此，熟练掌握考纲词汇和掌握常见的构词法，阅读这一关就好突破了。语法填空中必有一道题是考查词类转换的。考查不同词性在句中的不同用法，其中主要涉及到以下三条：1.在句中修饰动词或形容词等作状语,用副词；2.在句中作定语、表语或补语,一般用形容词；3.作主语、及物动词或者介词的宾语,用名词。1.Hemustbe20(mental)disabled.解析：修饰分词形容词disabled，作状语，用副词形式，故填mentally。2.Histeachertookadeepdrink,smiled34(warm),andthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater.解析：修饰谓语动词smiled，作状语，用副词形式，故填warmly。近年广东高考真题：3.ButJaneknewfrompastexperiencethather36____(choose)oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather.解析:在that引导的宾语从句中作主语应当用名词,或者说,在形容词性物主代词后,一定是用名词形式,故填choice。4.Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir39_____(nature)course.解析：在名词course前作定语,要用形容词,故填natural。5.Wedranktogetherandtalked38____(merry)tillfarintothenight.解析：修饰谓语动词talked,作状语,应用副词,故填merrily。1.Iwassupposedtoarriveattheairportontime._____________(fortunate),Iwasheldupbytheheavytrafficjam.2.Therefore,whentheybecomeoldertheyare________(able)todoanyotherkindofwork.一、单句填空unableunfortunately3.Veryearlythenextmorning,amazingly,wegotcompletelysatisfiedinatotally___________(expect)way.4.Iwon’tdothepurchasebecausethepriceofthisdressis____________(reason).unreasonableunexpected5.Job_________(apply)needtoshowtheirabilitytobebothorganizedandflexibleintakingonmanytasksatthesametime.6.Allfactsarethesourceof_________(conclude).conclusionsapplicants7.However,most_________(science)agreethatEQhasalottodowith_______(educate).8.Excellentoralandwritten__________(communicate)skillsinChineseandEnglishareof___________(important).importancescientistseducationcommunication9.Freshfruitsandvegetablescanprovidemuchofourdaily_____(require).10.Itisyour________(free)todowhatyouwantafterclass.freedomrequirementThankyou!