英国文学史-名词解释

名词解释HeroicCouplet:acoupletconsistingoftworhymedlinesofiambicpentameter,andwritteninanelevatedstyle.1．Renaissance:arevivalorrebirthoftheartisticandscientificrevivalwhichoriginatedinItalyinthe14thcenturyandgraduallyspreadalloverEurope.Ithastwofeatures:athirstingcuriosityfortheclassicalliteratureandkeeninterestinactivitiesofhumanity.2．Sonnet:14-linelyricpoem,usuallywritteninrhymediambicpentameter.3．Blankverse:poetrywritteninunrhymediambicpentameter.4．Neoclassicism:theEnlightenmentbroughtaboutarevivalofinterestinGreekandRomanworks.ThistendencyisknownasNeoclassicism.5．Sentimentalism:itwasoneoftheimportanttrendsinEnglishliteratureofthelaterdecadesofthe18thcentury.Itconcentratedonthefreeexpressionofthoughtsandemotions,andpresentedanewviewofhumannaturewhichprizedfeelingoverthinking,passionoverreason.6．Romanticism:imagination,emotionandfreedomarecertainlythefocalpointsofromanticism.Theparticularcharacteristicsoftheliteratureofromanticisminclude:subjectivityandanemphasisonindividualism;freedomfromrules;solitaryliferatherthenlifeinsociety;thebeliefsthatimaginationissuperiortoreason;andloveofandworshipofnature.7．LakePoets:theEnglishpoetswholivedinanddrewinspirationfromtheLakeDistrictatthebeginningofthe19thcentury.8．ByronicHeroes:avariantoftheRomanticheroesasatypeofcharacter(enthusiasm,persistence,pursuingfreedom),namedaftertheEnglishRomanticPoetGordonByron.9．Realism:seekstoportrayfamiliarcharacters,situations,andsettingsinarealisticmanner.Thisisdoneprimarilybyusinganobjectivenarrativepointofviewandthroughthebuildupofaccuratedetail.10．Aestheticism:anartmovementsupportingtheemphasisofaestheticvaluesmorethansocio-politicalthemesforliterature,fineart,musicandotherarts.11．Stream-of-Consciousness:itisaliterarytechniquethatpresentsthethoughtsandfeelingsofacharacterastheyoccurwithoutanyclarificationbytheauthor.Itisanarrativemode.12．DramaticMonologue:akindofnarrativepoeminwhichonecharacterspeakstooneormorelistenerswhoserepliesarenotgiveninthepoem.13．IambicPentameter:apoeticlineconsistingoffiveversefeet,witheachfootanunstressedsyllablefollowedbyastressedsyllable,thatis,witheachfootaniamb.14．Epic:alongnarrativepoemtellingaboutthedeedsofagreatheroandreflectingthevaluesofthesocietyfromwhichitoriginated.15．Elegy:apoemofmourning,usuallyoverthedeathofanindividual;mayalsobealamentoverthepassingoflifeandbeautyorameditationofthenatureofdeath;atypeoflyricpoem.16．Canto:asectionofalongpoem.Thecantoscanbeagreatpoem17．Ode:acomplexandoftenlengthylyricpoem,writteninadignifiedformalstyleonsomeloftyorserioussubjects.Odesarewrittenforaspecialoccasion,tohonorapersonoraseasonortocommemorateanevent.SpenserianStanza:anine-linestanzamadeupof8linesofiambicpentameterendingwithanAlexandrine.Itsthymeschemeisababbcbcc.Thisstanzawascommontotravelliterature.18．MetricalPattern:alyricpoemoffive14-linedstanzascontainingfourtercetsandaclosingcouplet.Therhymeschemeisababcbcdcdedee.文学史中古时期1.Beowulf《贝奥武甫》:thenaturalepicoftheEnglishpeople;Denmarkstory,alliteration,metaphor,understatements2.SirGawainandGreenKnight《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》3.GeoffreyChaucer(杰弗里乔叟）：theFatherofEnglishPoetry;TheCanterburyTales《埃特伯雷故事集》（24stories)文艺复兴时期1.ThomasMore:Utopia《乌托邦》-thecommunicationbetweenmoreandthetravelerwhichjustcamebackfromUtopia.2.FrancisBacon:thefirstEnglishEssayist;Essays《随笔集》-OfStudies,OfTruth(philosophicalandliteraryworks)3.ThusWyatt:firsttointroducethesonnetintoEnglishliterature.4.EdmundSpenser:Poet'spoet;TheFairyQueen《仙后》(toQueenElizabethI)5.WilliamShakespeare:Sonnet18(ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday)17世纪英国文学1.JohnDonne:theleadingpoetofMetaphysicalschoolofpoetry;AValediction:ForbiddingMourning《分离：莫忧伤》2.JohnMilton:ParadiseLost《失乐园》（arevoltagainstGod'sauthority),ParadiseRegained《复乐园》（howChristovercameSanta)——storiesweretakenfromBible3.JohnBunyan:thesonofRenaissance;Pilgrim'sProgress《天路历程》(imagination,shadowing,realisticreligiousallegory)18世纪英国文学Novel：1.theageofreason,classicism,sentimentalismandromanticism(novels,prose,dramas,poetry)2.DanielDefoe:representativeofEnglishrealisticnovel;RobinsonCrusoe《鲁滨逊漂流记》(thedevelopmentofayoungmanfromanaiveandartlessyouthtoacleverandhardenedman)3.JonathanSwift:Gulliver'sTravels《格列佛游记》(fictional,satirical-humannature,theEuropeanGovernment,thedifferencesbetweenreligions,wholeEnglishstatesystem)4.HenryFielding:theFatherofEnglishnovel;TheHistoryofTomeJones,aFoundling《汤姆琼斯》，satiricPoetry：5.ThomasGray:ElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard《墓园挽歌》6.AlexanderPope:perfectedinheroiccouplet;AnEssayonCriticism《论批评》7.WilliamBlake:pre-romantic;SongsofInnonce《天真之歌》，SongsofExperience《经验之歌》-London,TheTiger8.RobertBurns:ARedRedRose《一朵红红的玫瑰》Drama:9.RichardBrinsleySheridan:MasterofComedyofmanners;TheSchoolforScandal《造谣学校》浪漫主义时期1798-18321.WilliamWordsworth:theLakePoets;ThePrelude《序曲》；IWonderedLonelyasaCloud《我似流云天自游》；TheSolitaryReaper《孤寂的割麦女》；features:poetofnatureandhumanheart2.SamuelTaylorColeridge:thefirstcriticoftheRomanticschool;TheRimeoftheAncientMariner《古舟子咏》3.GeorgeGordonByron:vigorous,strongandbeautiful;ChildeHarold'sPilgrimage《恰尔德哈罗尔德游记》(spenserianstanza,fightsforlibert