【名师面对面】2015中考英语总复习 第42讲 完形填空(一)课件 外研版

英语第42讲完形填空(一)完形填空。(2014，湖州)WhenIwaseightyearsold，myfamilymovedfromEdinburghtoLondonbecauseFatherstartedanewjobthere.Itwashundredsofmilesawayfrommygrandmother，sowesometimesspenthours__1__toEdinburghtovisitherwhenwemissedherterribly.Grannyneverhadmuch.Shedidn'thave__2__things，orliveinanicehouse，butIcouldfeelwithmy__3__thatshelovedusdeeply，especiallywhenmyworldwasturnedupsidedown__4__mymotherandfatherdivorced(离婚)twoyearslater.Istillrememberthoselittlethings.Grannyallowedmetositontopofher__5__table，gettingmetodip(蘸)myfingersinthesugarbowlor__6__fromhercoffeecup.Grannyhadafancybottlehighonashelf.Onedayafterherdeath，Ireceivedabox.Tomysurprise，Ifoundthe__7__inside.SherememberedonceIhadaskedherforit.Granny__8__herpenniesinaglassjar.Shecouldhaveusedthosepenniesherselfbutshekept__9__formybrotherTommieandme.AndIwasalwaysexcitedto__10__thepenniesbetweenmybrotherandme.“Oneforyou，oneforme.”Iwouldrepeat__11__thejarwasempty.Idon'trememberhowmuchwegotonourvisits，butIknowthat's__12__shelovedusandcaredaboutuswhenwewerefarawayfromher.SoifIam__13__enoughtofindapennylyingonthegroundoneday，IamsureitisjusttheonefromGrannyinheaven.Thosechildhoodmemorieshavenever__14__me.Instead，theystillgivemewarmfeelingsthroughtheyears.Agranny's__15__stayswithagrandchildaslongasheneedsit.Youknow，loveisjustlikethat.(C)1.A.hikingB．runningC．drivingD．walking(B)2.A.normalB．expensiveC．cheapD．old(B)3.A.lifeB．heartC．ideaD．thought(A)4.A.becauseB．unlessC．whileD．before(D)5.A.bedroomB．gardenC．bathroomD．kitchen(D)6.A.fillB．eatC．useD．drink(A)7.A.bottleB．boxC．bowlD．cup(C)8.A.usedB．foundC．savedD．lost(A)9.A.themB．itC．herD．us(C)10.A.storeB．offerC．divideD．provide(D)11.A.ifB．asC．althoughD．until(B)12.A.whatB．howC．whenD．where(C)13.A.patientB．sadC．luckyD．bored(A)14.A.goneawayfromB．comebacktoC．comeupwithD．gotalongwith(B)15.A.interestB．loveC．smileD．mind完形填空”题是一种旨在考查学生词汇知识综合运用能力的典型题型。它结合了单项选择题和短文填空的优点，既考查词语搭配、近义词辨异、句型结构、复合句的关联和习惯用法等，又考查了逻辑推理和事理推断能力。同学们只有具备了扎实的语言基本功、较好的阅读能力及归纳判断能力，才能适应这一题型。(一)“完形填空”题要求填入的词：1．语法结构所要求的功能词。如：连接词、连接代词、连接副词、关系代词、关系副词等。2．具有语法变化的普通词。如：动词的时态、语态、语气，名词的数、代词的格、形容词和副词的级等。3．固定搭配短语或词组中的特定词。4．同义词、近义词等易混淆词。5．根据上、下句意思及结构必须填入的确定词。(二)“完形填空”题解题策略：1．解题前要通读全文，领悟大意。完形填空常以文章或段落的形式出现，因此，要通读全文，把握文章整体大意就尤为重要。2．解题时要全面考虑定选项。完形填空有些答案的四个选项从词汇搭配、语法和句子结构等角度考虑均行得通，但由于文章是一个完整的统一体，词、句、段三者存在着内在逻辑关系，因此考生还要从上下文中寻找有关的信息，对文章的情节进行逻辑推理，抓住含有关键信息的词语，理顺句子之间的关系，确定正确的答案。其具体做法有：(1)重视首句寻求信息完形填空本是一篇残缺的文章，留下首句可以帮助考生了解文章的主题，可以了解短文的概貌与作者的意图。要充分利用首句的标示作用，利用它为解题找到一个突破口，从而展开思维。【例1】Mr.Smithwashangingsomefamilypicturesonthewallofhisnewhouse.Whilehewasusingahammer(锤子)toknockhails(钉子)intothehard__A_，someofthemfellonthefloor.(2014，台州，26)A．wallB．chairC．doorD．floor点拨：由首句“史密斯先生正把一些家庭照片挂在新房子的墙上”可知，他是用锤子把钉子砸进坚硬的墙里。1．Manyyearsago，whenIwasastudent，theradiostudiomanageratWXBNinterviewedmeanditchangedmylife.“Howoldareyou？”helookeddownat__A__．(2014，天津，41)A．meB．herC．youD．him(2)明辨褒贬语境判断是非几乎每篇完形填空的语境都有一定的褒贬性，这种褒贬性反映了主人公的特定心理、情绪状态和作者写作意图，因此利用好文章的语境褒贬性就能对文章进行准确的逻辑判断，从而在吃透文章并准确传递文意的基础上推断出每一空的准确信息，找出能反映语境褒贬性的标志性词语或句子，大胆预测下文。【例2】...Ialso_D_thatsomeparentsmayfeelunhappyiftheirkidsstudyasubjectataneasylevel.(2014，重庆B，48)A．hopeB．reportC．cryD．worry点拨：由后面的“feelunhappy”和“aneasylevel”可知“我”是担心发生这种情况。2．Ifwearewise，havingenoughexperienceandknowledge，weregardthesefailures(失败)asanecessaryand__C__partoflearning.(2014，山西，31)A．similarB．activeC．important(3)巧用平行结构判断逻辑平行结构指的是结构相同或相似、意思密切关联、语气一致的句子或短语组成串排列的语言现象。平行结构形式上整齐匀称，内容上联系紧密。命题者常从平行结构的句式相同或相似这一角度，利用其意义的关联和对比这一特点来设空。了解这一点可大大提高解题效率。【例3】IsitthedaywhenwewerebornorthedayweB？(2014，呼和浩特，27)A．missB．dieC．growD．start点拨：与“出生”相对应的是“死”。3．Soinsteadofstayinginthe__B__classroom，theygotodifferentroomstohavetheirlessons.(2014，重庆B，41)A．cleanB．sameC．brightD．empty(4)结合常识明辨真伪【例4】OnThursday，Richardarrivedatschoolwithabigsmileonhisface.(2014，佛山，36)“Whyareyouso_D_？”askedDavid.A．earlyB．happyC．unfriendlyD．sad点拨：脸上有灿烂的笑容，所以大卫问“为什么这么高兴？”。4．Theythoughtthewomanlookedvery__B__．Theywentuptoherandsaid，“Areyougoingtotown？Ifyouare，wewillhelpcarryyourbasket.”(2014，河北，47)A．boredB．tiredC．pleasedD．surprised(一)(2014，绍兴)AsmilingfaceatthestoreIneedtogetsomethingstocleanthehousethisweekend，soIheadedovertoalocalstore.Whilewalkingaround.IrealizedthatIwasn't__1__atanyone.Thatwasoutofcharacter.Ialmostalwayssmileatstrangerswiththe__2__thatitmightbrightentheirdayabit.Butinthatparticularmoment，Iwasthinkingofwhathad__3__meearlierintheday，notreallyinthemood(心情)tosmile.WhenIwenttocheckoutmythings，Imet__4__averylongtime.PeoplewerebuyingChristmasgifts.Toshortenthefirstline，asecondregister(收银台)openedup.I__5__turnedtoit.Afterafewmoments.Ibeganto__6__thatallthepeoplebeforemehadlotsofthingstocheckout.Iwasn't__7__anylonger，soIreturnedtothefirstline.Afterashortwhile，allthepeopleinthesecondlinecheckedout.Iwas__8__standinginthefirstline.Atlast，itwasmy__9__tocheckout.Ifoundthatthemanbehindtheregisterseemedso__10__！Hegreetedmewithahugesmile.“It'sniceto__11__seeasmilingfaceinthisstore，”Icommented.Hereplied，“Ilovetosmile，__12__youneverknowwhatpeoplearegoingthrough.”Atthatmoment，hemademethinkof__13__．Somethinginmechanged，andwebegan__14__kindness—abo