高英第4课课件

1SpeechonHitler’sInvasionoftheU.S.S.R.WinstonS.Churchill2Arrangement(12periods)ⅠBackgroundKnowledgeⅡStructureoftheTextⅢTypeofLiteratureⅣDetailedStudyoftheTextⅤTextAnalysisⅥExercises3RequirementTomasterthevocabularyandexpressionsTograsphowtoparaphrasesomedifficultsentencesToidentifyfiguresofspeech–metaphor,alliteration,repetitionandparallelstructureTocomprehendthewholetextToappreciatethestyle(speech)andrhetoricofthepassage4PreviewHomeworkReadthetext:(1)Thinkaboutthestructure(2)Payattentiontothestyleofspeech(3)Explainthetextindetailin5groups:wordsandexpressions(Ex.II,III,X,XI),figuresofspeech(Ex.V,VI,VII,VIII)5PreviewHomeworkDivisionofgroups:Group1–paras.1-2Group2–paras.3-6Group3–paras.8-9Group4–paras.10-11Group5–paras.12-136BackgroundKnowledge1.1HistoricalBackground1.2Sir(爵士)WinstonLeonardSpencerChurchill71.2WinstonChurchill(1874-1965)In1881(7)In1895(21)81.2WinstonChurchill(1874-1965)91.2WinstonChurchill(1874-1965)(1940–45)PrimeMinister,FirstLordoftheTreasury(第一财政大臣)andMinisterofDefense(国防大臣)ledBritainfromneardefeattovictoryinWorldWarII;(1945–51)LeaderoftheOpposition;(Oct.1951–April1955)PrimeMinisterandFirstLordoftheTreasury;(1955)retired101.2WinstonChurchill(1874-1965)hisbestknownbook,TheSecondWorldWar(《第二次世界大战回忆录》).HewasawardedtheNobelPrizein/forLiterature“forhismasteryofhistoricalandbiographicaldescriptionaswellasforbrilliantoratoryindefendingexaltedhumanvalues”(“由于他在描绘历史与传记方面之造诣和他那捍卫人的崇高价值的杰出演讲”)(nobelprize.org)11StructureoftheTextPart1(Paras.1-6):thebackgroundoftheinvasionandthespeechSection1(paras.1-2):RecallingbyChurchillhimselfSection2(paras.3-6):AccountbyChurchill’sPrivateSecretary12StructureoftheTextPart2(Paras.7-13):thebodyofthespeechSection1(paras.8and9):Scenario(情景)onbothsidesoftheborder(Russianvs.German)toarouseemotionSection2(paras.10and11):Whatweshoulddo,whatourpolicyisSection3(paras.12and13):Furtherpersuasion,toconvincetheaudienceofthejustificationofthedecision13TypeofLiteratureArgumentation(议论文)Speech(演讲)14TypeofLiteratureapieceofargumentationPurpose:–topersuade/defendwhatistrueandtoattackwhatisfalsebytheuseofreasonWaysofdeveloping:–bydeduction(演绎)–byinduction(归纳)15TypeofLiteratureCharacteristicsofspeechlanguage:Speechlanguageisaninter-languagebetweenoralandwrittenlanguage.Comparedwithconversationalstyle:(1)Speechlanguageplaysmoreemphasisononething,that’stoarouse,stimulatethepassionoftheaudience,towintheirsupport.(2)Inpublicspeechesallkindsofrhetoricaldevicesareemployedtocatchaudience’sattention.(3)Speechlanguagehasalotofemotionwordsandwordshavemetaphoricalmeaning(比喻意义).∴Allthismakesthespeechmoreforceful,vivid,persuasive.Comparedwithwrittenstyle:Speechlanguageisusuallyformal,moresolemn,morecomplexinsentencestructure.Butspeechlanguageisnotsupposedtobeobscure(晦涩的).Atthesametime,therearealsomanyabstractwords.∴Thismakesthespeechmoresacred(庄严的),moreseriousandsolemnintone.16TypeofLiteratureA.Syntax1)compound/complexsentence(复合句;复杂句)2)infinitive,gerund(不定式;动名词)3)Manysentencesbeginwithadverbialsandperiodicsentences(以状语开头;掉尾句)4)simplepresenttense(一般现在时)5)declarativesentenceandimperativesentence(陈述句;祈使句)17PeriodicSentence(掉尾句,尾重句)essentialelementsarewithhelduntiltheendtoachieveforcefulnessbysuspense一种把关键意思放在整句末尾，因而要读完全句才能了解该句完整含义的句子结构。掉尾句的特点是把整句的主要部分（如复合句的主句或主句的主要成分）置于末尾处，形成整句的高潮，从而达到突出该部分内容的目的，所以掉尾句属于一种修辞强调句。WhenIawokeon...invasionofRussia.(1)Thepast,…,flashesaway.(8)Anymanorstate…willhaveouraid.Anymanorstate…isourfoe.(10)IfHitlerimaginesthat...,heiswoefullymistaken.(11)WhenIspokeafewminutesago...onedeepermotive…(12)18TypeofLiteratureB.Vocabulary1)complex,longwords,unfamiliarwords(复杂词;长词;不常用的词)2)abstractwords(抽象词)3)pronouns‘I’and‘we’(代词“我”、“我们”)19TypeofLiteratureC.Pronunciation1)clearlypronounced,forexample,always‘Iam’,notthecontractedform‘I’m’(不用紧缩形式)2)Wordssoundrhythmically(有节奏)20TypeofLiteratureD.RhetoricaldevicesRhetoricdevicesareveryimportantinspeech,includessyntactic,phoneticandsemanticdevices:antithesis,repetition,parallelstructure;alliteration;metaphor,simile,etc.21BookOneGermanyDrivesEast20TheSovietNemesis(第三卷“伟大的同盟”-上部“德国东进”-苏联的报应)Volume322DetailedStudyoftheTextPart1(Paras.1-6):thebackgroundoftheinvasionandthespeech23DetailedStudyoftheTextTimePlaceCharacters24TimeMonth?June(4)Day?June21st(Saturday)June22nd(Sunday)Year?194125TimeJune21stdinner:ChurchillsaidaGermanattackonRussiawasnowcertain(4)June22nd4a.m.:Thesecretarygotthetelephonemessage(6)June22nd8a.m.:ChurchillgotthenewsofHitler’sinvasionofRussia(1,6)June22nd11a.m.–8:40p.m.:Churchillpreparedthespeech.(6)June22nd9p.m.:Churchillbroadcastedthespeech.(1)26PlaceChequers(3)切尔克斯首相官邸Note6):ahistoricTudor(都铎王朝的)mansioninBuckinghamshire(白金汉郡),35milesNWofLondonpresentedtothegovernmentbyLordandLadyLeeofFareham1917theofficialcountryseatoftheprimeministerofGreatBritain27Chequers28Chequers29CharactersGeneralDill(1)Mr.Eden(2)LordBeaverbrook(2)SirStaffordCripps(2)Mr.Colville(3)Mr.andMrs.Winant(4)EdwardBridges(4)LordCranborne(6)30Gener