武汉大学研究生口语答案

UnitI1.ThekeytoaneffectiveandmeaningfulinterculturalcommunicationandessentialfactorsthataffectsmoothcommunicationsbetweenpeoplefromdifferentculturesIthinkthekeytoaneffectiveandmeaningfulinterculturalcommunicationisthatknowingthesixstumblingblocksandtrythebesttoavoidtheblockswecantakeinsight,training,andalternationoflong-standinghabitsandgainsuchknowledgethatthepeoplehavedifferentcustoms,goalsandthoughtpatterns.What’smore,wecanmakeinterculturalencounterswithmoreattentiontosituationaldetails,usinginvestigativeapproachandlearntheskillsthatcanbeimprovedinordertotrytomakecross-culturalexperiencesmoresatisfyingandrewarding.Finally,it’sagoodwaytoworkwithpeoplewhohavedifferentcustoms,goal,andthoughtpatternsfromhisownandwithinthem,neitherlosingone’sownvaluesinconfrontationnorprotectingoneselfbehindawallofintellectualdetachment.Thenormalessentialfactorsthataffectsmoothcommunicationsarelanguagefactorssuchasvocabulary,syntax，idioms,slang,dialectandsoon.Thenthenonverbalfactorsuchasfacialexpression,gestures,bodylanguageandposture,eyegaze,feelandappearancealsoaffectsmoothcommunicationsbetweenpeoplefromdifferentcultures.2.Whatarethestumblingblocksininterculturalcommunications?Andwhichonesmaybemoretroublesomeintermsofinterruptiveeffectscausedtocommunication?Therearesixstumblingblockininterculturalcommunications.Firstoneisassumptionofsimilarity.Itisacomfortingideathat“peoplearepeople”and“deepdownweareallalike”,butadeterminedsearchforproofthisleadtodisappointment.Secondoneislanguagedifference.Vocabulary,syntax(语法),idioms（成语）,slang（俗语）,dialect（方言）andsoonallcausedifficulty.Thirdoneisnonverbalmisinterpretation.Differentculturepeople’sfacialexpression,gestures,bodylanguageandposture,eyegaze,feelandappearance,allofthisnonverbalmisinterpretationmaycauseproblem.Forthoneisthepresenceofpreconceptionandstereotypes.Thisstumblingblockinterferewithobjectiveviewingofstimuliandtheynoteasytoovercomeinoneselfandtocorrectinothers.FifthoneisPracticeofImmediateEvaluation.Itpreventstheopen-mindedattentionneededtolookattheattitudesandbehaviorpatternsfromother’spointofview.Lastoneishighanxiety.Theseblocksarebasedonthefactthatpeopleininterculturalsituationsareoftenanxious.Inmyopinion,highanxietymaybemoretroublesomeininterculturalcommunication.Becausehighanxietymakesalloftheotherstumblingblocksworseandmakesitnecessarytobeconstantlyalert.Andtheover-alertnessstressesoneasasmoothcommunicatorinboththinkingandexpressing,whichinturn,furtherstrengthensthatstress.Italsocausesdisruptive,interruptiveandcorruptiveeffectsovercommunication,oftenleadingtothedismalanddisarrayofbothsidesinthecommunication.3.Whichismoreadvantageous,theassumptionofsimilarityortheassumptionofdifferences?Andgoodreasonsyoucantell?AsfarasIamconcerned,theassumptionofdifferencesismoreadvantageousthantheassumptionofsimilarity.First，theassumptionofsimilaritycontradictsthesimpletruththatperson’sculturalupbringingwhichdetermineshisemotionalexpressionandfeelingdiffersfromculturetoculture.Second,theassumptionofsimilaritybasedonthetheoryofsingle-reality,insteadofmultiplereality,thusignoringtheneedofadaptabilitytothephysicaldiversitiesoftheworldandadoptsthesympatheticcommunicationstrategyinsteadofempatheticone,thusfancying(幻想)toplaceoneselfinanotherperson’sposition.Last,theassumptionofdifferencesisdifferentfromtheassumptionofsimilarity,itcanaccepttheanxietyofnotknowingandcarefulreactionandinterpretation,inaddition,theassumptionofdifferencesisrealisticexpectationandcanaffectsmoothcommunicationsbetweenpeoplefromdifferentcultures.UnitIII4.Myideasaboutsmoothintegrationinastepfamily:strategiesandapproachesInmyopinion,SmartcookingstylesareCrock-potcookingstyleandmini-familyactivities.StepfamilieschoosingCrock-potcookingstyleunderstandthattimeandlowheatmakeforaneffectivecombination.Ingredientsarethrowntogetherinthesamepot,buteachisleftintact(完整),givingaffirmationtoitsuniqueoriginandcharacteristics.Slowlyandwithmuchintention,thelowheatbringstheingredientsintocontactingwithoneanother.Anotherstyleismini-familyactivities.Aswesee,“AWatchedPotNeverBoils”,parentsshouldgivethekidsspaceinordertoadapttothisnewsituationasmuch.Stepparentsneedtogivetheirnewmateandstepchildrentimetobealone,withoutintrusion.Then,thechildmustbeallowedtohavememoriesoftheirbiologicalparentsandbeallowedtoregularlyspeakwith,visit,andwritetotheirnon-custodialparents.Childrenneedasenseofbelonging.Thus,Creatingaroomorsectionofaroomforvisitingchildrenwillhelpthemfeellikepartofyourfamily.5.Crockpotcookingstyle,itsessenceandkeydifferencesfromotherpoorcookingstylesThekeytoCrockpotcookingstyleistimeandlowheat.Thefirstoneistime.Establishingnewfamiliestakestime.Justbecauseyouloveyournewpartner,itisunrealisticthatyouwillautomaticallylovehisorherchildren.Itisequallyunrealistictoexpectthatyournewpartner’schildrenwillinstantlyloveyou.Itcanbedifficulttoacceptthateventhoughyouwishtohavearelationshipwithyourstepchildren,buttheymaynotbereadyforarelationshipwithyou.Stepfamiliesneedtimetoadjusttonewlivingconditions,newparentingstyles,rules,andresponsibilities,a