高考英语短文改错破题技巧

1高考英语短文改错破题技巧（1）一、“短文改错”题中的常见错误类型1.动词：（1）主要考察能力：时态语态错误、主谓是否一致（第三人称单数）、动词的非谓语形式、固定搭配错误等。在改错题中，动词方面的考查比例较大。（2）出题形式：①时态混用ie,Thenthetroublestarted.Wecannotopenthedoor.Soweaskedthepolicemanforhelp.讲解：很显然此句子主时态是一般过去式，因此应把can改为could。②主谓不一致ie,TherewereafootballgameonTVlastSaturdayevening.讲解：原句中afootballgame决定了谓语动词必须用单数，所以应该把were改为was。③固定搭配ie,Ihavegivenupsomke.Thedogdoesn’tlikethesmell.讲解：giveupdoingsth。因此动词somke应该改为somking。练习：1.Theairkeepstheballoonupwasescapingquicklyandtheballoon...keeps→keeping2.Ijustwanttothankyouforhelpingmebecomingadifferentperson.becoming→become3.Howaboutjoinus?Thecampisatthefootofasmallhill.join→joining4.I’llsendmyfriendCharliemeetyouattheairport.meet→tomeet2.时态、语态方面的错误这类错误主要为现在时态与过去时态、主动语态与被动语态的误用。做题时，应注意把握文中动词时态的呼应规律，注意把握诸个并列动词的时态、语态的呼应规律。例如:1.WehadguestslastnightwhohavenotstayedinaB&Bhotelbefore.have→had2.Today，IgotaletterthatsaidIhadbeenadmittingtoacollege.admitting→admitted3.Wehungasignonthefrontdoorthatwasread:“We’rehavingdinner...”去掉was4....sometimesallthatisneedissomeonetorelyon.need→needed5.I’llsendmyfriendCharlietomeetyouattheairportwhenyouarrived.arrived→arrive3.主谓一致方面的错误这类错误主要指主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词形式的错误。因此做题时，要注意谓语动词的形式要和句子主语在人称和数上保持一致。例如:1.“Ijustwanttoknowwhatthesignsay.”say→says2.Anyonecanborrowbooksifheorshewish.wish→wishes3.HerearetheinformationaboutManchesterUniversity.are→is4.WhatmaysurpriseyouarethatI’mgoingto...are→is4.名词：2（1）主要考察能力：名词单复数形式的误用，可数名词与不可数名词的错误，名词所有格中“’s”的误置等。（2）出题形式：单复数混用ie,Helenisseventeenyearold.Sheisverybusy.讲解：“年龄多大了”应该为复数形式，应此应该把year改为years。注意：代词单复数混用类似。Asforafriendship,wecanreadilyfindtheminourclassmatesandotherpeoplearoundus.讲解：显然因该把them改为it，指代前面提及的friendship。练习：1.Hehadnoideasthatthekitchenwasnotforguests.ideas→idea2.Insummer,theseaundertheblueskiesisevenmorebeautiful.skies→sky3....you’vebeensettleddowninBostonandaregettingusedtothelocalwaysoflife.ways→way4....butshemarkedstrictlyonstudent’sactualperformance...student’s→students’5.Westoppedtorestforawhileandtodrinksomewatersfromastream.waters---water6.Therearebranchlibraryinmanyvillages.library----libraries7.Ihopethatyoutwocouldcomeandvisitussometimessoon.times改为time8.TheywereeagertoknoweverythingaboutChinaandaskedmelotsofquestion.question改为questions5.形容词/副词（1）主要考察能力：误用形容词修饰形容词，误用副词修饰名词，误用形容词修饰动词，误用形容词或副词的原级、比较级和最高级以及误用带-ly的副词与不带-ly的副词等，特别注意根据上下文该用比较级而未用的“暗中比较”。（2）出题形式：形容词与副词混用。即该用形容词的地方原文用了副词，该用副词的地方原文用了形容词。①副词代替正确形容词出现在文章当中ie,Duringthefootballseason,Helenismuchbusierthanusually.讲解：很明显“与平时相比较更忙”，因此需要把usually改为usual。②形容词代替正确副词出现在文章当中ie,Asthetimeclockshowedoneminuteandforty-twosecondsleftinthegame,shebegancheeringexcited,“Comeon-getgoing!”讲解：显然应把excited改为excitedly，修饰动词cheer。练习：1.Theycamebacklatelyandhadsometea.lately→late2....youalwaysgavemespeciallyattention...specially→special3....theyflydownimmediateandcatchthemwithoutdelay.immediate→immediately4.Yes，itisclearlythatyourlifeinyourcountryisquitedifferentfrom...clearly→clear5.IknowyouareparticularinterestedinHumanRights.particular→particularly6.Lastyear,myEnglishteacherprovedtobethemorepopularinourschool.more→most7.Afteranhourorsowebegantofeelveryfrightening.frightening改为frightened8.LastSunday,policecarshurrytothetallerbuildinginNewYork.taller改为tallest9.Asaresult,peopleinthemodernworldgenerallylivemuchmorelongerthanpeopleinthe3past.去掉more6.介词（1）主要考察能力：这类错误多指漏掉介词、多用介词或介词与其他词语搭配的错误等，（特别是与动词的）固定搭配。（2）出题形式：①介词省略ie,I’msurtyouwillgetridthesorrowandunhappinesscausedbythedisaster.讲解：getridof是固定搭配，意思为“摆脱，除去”②介词多余ie,MywifeisalsohappybecauseofIhavegivenupsmoking.讲解：这里显然示对becauseof与because用法的辨别区分。前者不能接句子，而后者充当连词可以接句子。所以应该把of去掉。③介词用错(一般为固定搭配)ie,Ipickoutherfalsehairandsaid,“Don’tbesad,Miss.”讲解：pickout应该为pickup。pickout挑选的意思；pickup捡起的意思。练习：1.ThecrowdwaitingfortogreettheminEnglandwasverysurprised...去掉for2.Hewaslookingforaglassthecupboard.the前面加in3.Afterautumnarrives，thecitylooksasanoldmanwithleaves...as→like4....hecannolongerexpectotherstopayhisfood,hisclothes...pay后面加for5.Onthefrontdoorstoodafive-year-oldboyfromacrossthestreet.On→At6.Couldyoushareyourexperienceforus?for→with7.Mymotherwasacareerwomanandhadherownproblemstotakecare.care后加of8.Billinsistedinstayingnearthecar.in改为on9.Whentheycamedownthepolicewereangrytothem.to改为with10.Mostpeoplecanquicklygetforhelpfromadoctororgotoahospitalsincetheyareill.去掉for练习：动词1.Helieddownbythesideofthepathtorest.lied改为lay2.CharlesandLindawereseeingnearthetopofthebuilding.seeing改为seen3.Booksmaybekeepforfourweeks.keep改为kept4.…andletyouknowwhenthebookyouwanthasreturned.returned前加been5.UncleBenwillalsogobackforChristmas.go改为come6.TheyeagertoknoweverythingaboutChinaandaskedmelotsofquestions.eager前加were7.I‘dliketoyourpen-friend，andgettoknowmoreaboutyourcountry.to后加be/become8.Whatyourfavouritesport？what后加is或将What改为What‘s9.Iusetoplayping-pongalotinmysparetime，butnowIaminterestedinfootball.useto改为usedto10.Iwasusedtowatchiteverynight.去掉was411.Therewillanimportantgamenextmonth.will后加be12.Becauseofsomuchviewing，childrenmaynotbedevelopthehabitofreadingandtheabilitytoenjoythemselves.去掉be13.Ifollowedheradviceandshouldputdown100wordsorsoeachday.去掉should14