微课—宾语从句语法

宾语从句语法讲解主讲人：蔡典辉（Summer）宾语从句概念1.宾语：宾语可由名词，代词或名词短语或句子来充当。2.宾语从句：在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句宾语从句三个要点引导词时态语序引导词(1)引导从句为陈述句的宾语从句时，引导词用that,口语中常常省略e.g,Shetoldme(that)shewouldliketogowithus.(2)以whether或if引导的宾语从句,主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句。e.g,Iwonderif/whetheryoutoldthenewstoLiLei(3)特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用特殊疑问词；引导词后要用陈述句语序。E.g.Hedidn’ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.Couldyoupleasetellmehowyoureadthenewpanel?时态1.主句用一般现在时，从句可根据句意用各种时态。Isupposethathewillcometomorrow.2.主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。Isaidthathepassedtheexam.3.主句用过去时，从句是真理时，只用一般现在时。Myfathertoldmethatthesunrisesfromtheeast.语序1.宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?Pleasetellmewhenwe’llhavethemeeting.2.陈述句语序，即“连接词＋主语＋谓语＋其他”。这里特别强调的是，它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述句的语序，不是疑问句的倒装语序。例如：Dad，doyouknowwhenthefootballgamewillstart？—Inhalfanhour.其它注意点1.一般情况下，whether和if可以互用，但有些情况例外：a.当从句做介词的宾语只用whether不用ifWearetalkingaboutwhetherwe'llgoonthepinic.b.引导词与动词不定式或ornot连用时，只用whetherPleaseletmeknowwhattodonext.Couldyoutellmewhetherugoornot?c.if作“如果”含义时，引导的是条件状语从句，这时不能用whether其它注意点2.否定转移：主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,expect，guess等表示主观意见和猜想的动词在句中作谓语时，按习惯其宾语从句的否定通常转移到主句。Idon’tthinkhewillcometomyparty.Ithinkhewon’tcometomyparty.×宾语从句三个要点引导词时态语序宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述句转化that引，一般疑问句用if/whether,特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。口诀考题分析1.Idon'tknow_________hewillcometomorrow._________hecomes,I'lltellyou．A.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatD.if;If2.Idon'tknow_________thedayaftertomorrow.A.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecomeC.ifhecomesD.whetherhe'llcome3.Theteacheraskedthestudents__________.A.iftheywereinterestedindinosaursB.whenwasAlbertEinsteinbornC.whattheywilldowiththecomputersD.howmanytreestheyhaveplantedThanks