高考英语语法复习之定语从句(陷阱题型)与语法讲解

1.Thefactorywasbuiltinasecretplace,around______highmountains.A.whichwasB.itwasC.whichwereD.themwerearoundwhichwerehighmountains是一个由介词+which引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是highmountains，aroundwhich是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数was.（1）Yesterdaywevisitedamodernhospital,around_______somefruitshops.A.whichisB.itisC.whichareD.themare（2）Themurderhappenedinanoldbuilding,beside______thecitypolicestation.A.whichareB.itisC.whichisD.themare（3）Nextmonthwe'llmovetoanewbuilding,nextto_______anicerestaurantwherewecanhaveChinesefood.A.whichareB.itisC.whichisD.themareCCC2.Amanwithableedinghandhurriedinandasked,Isthereahospitalaround______Icangetsomemedicineformywoundedhand?A.thatB.whichC.whereD.whatB选项的语法分析并不算错，但问题是，照此分析，此句的意思即为：有没有这样一个医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选C的理由是：句中的around不是介词，而是副词，意为在附近；其后的where引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？3._____isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What(1)._______isknowntoeverybodythatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.Whatas引导的是一个非限制性定语从句。it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。（1）______ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorschoolisincreasing.A.WhichB.AsC.ThatD.It（2）______ismentionedabovethatthenumberofthestudentsinseniorschoolisincreasing.A.WhichB.AsC.ThatD.ItBD（1）Thecompass,asiswell-knowntoall,wasinvitedinancientChina.众所周知，指南针是中国古时发明的。（2）Heseemsafarmer,asinactualfactheis.他看上去像个农民，事实上他就是农民。（3）Asweknow,TaiwanisapartofChina.正如我们所知道的，台湾是中国的一部分。（as在从句中作know的宾语，代表主句TaiwanisapartofChina）从以上句子可以看出，as引导的非限制性定语从句具有以下特点：（1）其先行词可为整个主句，也可为某一个名词。（2）as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。用作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。（3）其从句可以放在主句的前面或后面，也可以放在整个句子中间。也就是说从句可以位于句首、句中或句末，但习惯用逗号隔开。（4）as仍有“正如……那样；像……一样；由……而知”等作连词时的词义。（5）在句法上，as常被用作一些实义动词的表语及其被动语态的主语，如see,know,say,report,imagine,show,remember,pointout等动词。常见的词组有：asiswellknowntoall/asweallknow众所周知ashasbeensaidbefore如上所说asyouexpected如你所料ashasbeenalreadyreported据报道可知assheimagined如她所想像的那样asitshowed正如所反映的那样asanybodycansee正如人们所看到的那样as除了能引导非限制性定语从句外，还能引导限制性定语从句。常与thesame或such连用，构成：thesame…as,such…as。as引导限制性定语从句时，在从句中同样可以作主语、表语或宾语。（1）SuchChineseasisspokeninShanxiisnotPutonghua.WecallittheShanxidialect.在陕西说的汉语不是普通话，我们称为陕西方言。（as在从句中作主语）（2）Ihavethesamebookasyouhave.我的书和你的一样。（as在从句中作have的宾语）（3）Heisnotsuchacleverpersonassheis.他不像她那样聪明。（as在从句中作is的表语）在非限制性定语从句中，which和as引导定语从句时的区别：a.which引导的从句不能放在主句前，而as引导的从句则既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后。As(正确)isoftenthecase,heisabsent.Which(错误)Hesawthegirl,as(正确)Hehadhoped.Which（正确）b.用能做关系代词，as和which都可以指代一个句子，但as有“正如”、“就像”之意，which则没有此含义。Heisaforeigner,asIknowfromhisaccent.(as指代一个句子，意为“正如”、“就像”)HehastoworkonSunday,whichhedoesn’tlike.(which指代一个句子，没有“正如”、“就像”)c.当从句的谓语动词是be或相当于联系动词的seem,become等时，可用as或which作主语。但当从句的谓语是行为动词时，只能用which作主语。Hemarriedher,as(正确)was/seemednatural.Which（正确）Hesawthegirl,as(错误)delightedhim.Which（正确）4.Davidissuchagoodboy_______alltheteacherslike.A.thatB.whoC.asD.whomA选项，such...that...（如此......以至......）结构中，that引导的是结果状语从句，并且that在从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入such...that...，句末的动词like缺宾语。选C的理由如下：as用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句，修饰其前的名词boy，同时as在定语从句中用作动词like的宾语，句意为所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩。有的同学可能还会问，假若选A，能否将其后的that视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢？不能，因为当先行词受到such的修饰时，其后的定语从句应用关系代词as来引导，而不用that.Davidissuchagoodboy_______alltheteacherslikehim.A.thatB.whoC.asD.whomItwasnotsuchagooddinner_______shehadpromisedus.A.likeB.thatC.whichD.asAD5.Thebuses,mostof_______werealreadyfull,weresurroundedbyanangrycrowd.A.thatB.itC.themD.whichmostofwhichwerealreadyfull为非限制性定语从句，修饰thebuses.（1）Hishouse,for_______hepaid$10,000,isnowworth$50,000.A.thatB.itC.themD.which（2）Ashdownforest,through_______we'llbedriving,isn'taforestanylonger.A.thatB.itC.themD.which（3）ThisIdidatnineo'clock,after_______Isatreadingthepaper.A.thatB.itC.themD.which（4）George,with_______IplayedtennisonSundays,wasawarm-heartedperson.A.thatB.himC.themD.whom（5）Hersons,bothof______workabroad,willcomebackhomethissummer.A.thatB.whoC.themD.whom（6）Imetthefruit-pickers,severalof_______werestilluniversitystudents.A.thatB.whoC.themD.whomDDDDDD6.Hehadthousandsofstudents,manyof______gainedgreatsuccessintheirownfield.A.whomB.themC.whichD.whomanyofwhomgainedgreatsuccessintheirownfield为非限制性定语从句。假若在manyof...的前面加上连词and，则选答案B。（1）Heaskedalotofquestions,noneof______waseasytoanswer.A.whichB.themC.whatD.that（2）Heaskedalotofquestions,andnoneof______waseasytoanswer.A.themB.whichC.whatD.that（3）Hetoldmethathehadtwogirl-friends,neitherof_______knewanythingabouttheother.A.whomB.themC.whichD.who（4）Hetoldmethathehadtwogirl-friends,andneitherof_______knewanythingabouttheother.A.themB.whomC.whichD.whoAAAA7.Hehadalotoffriends,onlyafewof______invitedtohiswedding.A.whomB.themC.whichD.who这不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词invited并不是一个完整的谓语，而是一个过去分词。当然，假若在invited前加上助动词were，则是一个非限制性定语从句，答案便应选A.（1）Theyputforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,noneof_______carriedoutintheirwork.A.whichB.themC.whatD.that答案选B，noneofthemcarriedoutintheirwork是独立主格结构，其中的carriedout为过去分词。（2）Theyputforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,noneof_______werecarriedoutintheirwork.A.whichB.themC.whatD.that答案选A，noneofthemwerecarriedoutintheirwork是非限制性定语从句，注意与上例比较句中多了一个助动词were.（3）Theyputforwardal