高考英语阅读理解试题(自然类)

第1页共7页高考英语阅读理解试题（自然类）(1)Putanicecubefromyourfridgeintoaglassofwater.Youhaveapieceofstring(线)10centimeterslong.Theproblemistotakeoutthatpieceoficewiththehelpofthestring.Butyoumustnottouchtheicewithyourfingers.Youmayaskyourfriendstotrytodothatwhenyouarehavingdinnertogether.Thereisasaltcellaronthetable.Youmustusesaltwhenyoucarryoutthisexperiment.Firstyouputthestringacrossthepieceofice.Thenputsomesaltontheice.Saltmakesicemelt(融化).Theiceroundthestringwillbegintomelt.Butwhenitmelts,itwillloseheat.Thecoldicecubewillmakethesaltwaterfreezeagain.Afteraminuteortwoyoumayraisethepieceofstringandwithityouwillraiseyourpieceofice!Thisexperimentcanbeveryusefultoyou.If,forexample,thereisicenearthedoorofyourhouse,youmustuseverymuchsalttomeltalltheice.Ifyoudon’tputenoughsalt,thewaterwillfreezeagain.1.Wemustuse_______whenwecarryoutthisexperiment.A.fridgeB.somefoodC.atableD.somesalt2.Howlongwillittaketocarryoutthisexperiment?A.Morethanthreeminutes.B.Fiveminutesorso.C.Onlyoneminuteortwo.D.Abouttenminutes.3.Whatisthetaskofthisexperiment?A.Puttheicecubeintotheglassofwaterwiththehelpofthestring.B.Takeouttheicecubeintheglassofwaterwiththehelpofthestring.C.Takeouttheicecubeintheglassofwaterwithyourfingers.D.Putsomesaltontheicecubeandthenputthestringacrossit.4.Howmanythingsatleastareusedinthisexperiment?A.Three.B.Four.C.Six.D.Seven.5.Wecanlearnsomethingabout_______fromthepassage.A.PhysicsB.biologyC.chemistryD.maths【答案与解析】本文讲述了把立方形的冰块放入水杯中，如何用细绳取出冰块的实验。1.D。我们进行实验时必须用什么？文章第2段最后一句说当进行实验时你必须用salt(盐)。由此可知第2页共7页答案是D。2.C。文章第4段的Afteraminuteortwo...(一两分钟后你可以提起细绳…)，由此可知进行这个实验仅需一两分钟时间。3.B。这个实验的任务是什么呢？由文章第1段第3句Theproblemistotakeoutthatpieceoficewiththehelpofthestring(问题是如何用细绳将冰块拿出)，由此可知答案为B。4.B。实验中至少用了几样东西？从全文可知道至少用了string,salt,aglassofwater,icecube这4种东西。5.C。通过这段文字我们了解了一些什么知识？实验用salt把ice融化，这应属于化学变化。(2)Bambooisoneofthenature’smostsurprisingplants.Manypeoplecallthisplantatree,butitisakindofgrass.Likeotherkindsofgrass,abambooplantmaybecutverylowtotheground,butitwillgrowbackveryquickly.AJapanesescientistrecordedonebambooplantthatgrewalmost1.5metersin24hours!BamboogrowsalmosteverywhereintheworldexceptEurope.Therearemorethan1,000kindsofbamboothatgrowaroundtheworldonbothmountainsandplains(平原).Notallbamboolooksthesame.Somebambooplantsareverythin.Theymayonlygrowtobeafewcentimeterswidewhileothersmaygrowtomorethan30centimetersacross.Thisplantalsocomesindifferentcolors,fromyellowtoblacktogreen.ManyAsiancountrieshavebeenusingbambooforhundredsofyears.Theyoftenusebambooforbuildingnewbuildings.Asamatteroffact,thecables(绳索)thatholdupthehangingbridgeacrosstheMinRiverinSichuanaremadeofbamboo.Thebridgehasbeeninuseformorethan1,000years,andisstillholdingstrong.InAfrica,engineersareteachingpoorfarmershowtofindwaterusingbamboo.TheseAfricancountriesneedcheapwaystofindwaterbecausetheyhavenomoney,andtheirfieldsoftendiefromnorainandnowater.Itseemsthatbambooisoneofthebestthingstheycanuse.Bamboopipesanddrills(钻)canhelptomakethepoorthirstyfieldstobewatered.1.Howisbamboolikegrass?A.Itisthinandeasytocut.B.Itgrowseverywhere.C.Itgrowsquicklyafteritscutshort.D.Itisshortandgreen.第3页共7页2.Thesentence“whileothersmaygrowtomorethan30centimetersacross.”means“Someotherbambooplantsmaygrowtobevery_______.”A.shortB.strongC.thickD.tall3.Fromthetextweknow______.A.mostpeoplecallbambooplanttreesB.abambooplantmaygrow4.5metersinthreedaysC.thebambooplantchangesitscolorswhenitgrowsD.abridgeheldbybamboocablewasbuiltthousandsofyearsago4.WhydidtheengineersteachthepoorfarmersinAfricatomakeuseofbamboo?A.Becauseitischeap.B.Becauseitiscolorful.C.Becauseitdrillsfast.D.BecauseitisusedbyAsians.5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Therearemanydifferentkindsofbamboowithdifferentcolors.B.Cablesmadeofbamboocanlastforoverathousandyears.C.Bamboocanbeusedforbuildings,bridgesandwateringprojects(工程).D.Bambooplantsareabletogrowwellinanypartoftheworld.【答案与解析】这是一篇关于竹子的说明文。讲述了竹子的生长处、种类、颜色、用途等。1.C。由第2段的第1句我们可以推测出竹子与其他草类相似的地方是growbackveryquickly。2.C。阅读第3段的第2句Theymayonlygrowtobeafewcentimeterswidewhileothersmaygrowtomorethan30centimetersacross可推知：while(表对比，意为“而”)前面讲有些竹子(bamboo)很细，只有(only)几厘米粗，而与相比，while后面则讲有些竹子长得很壮，可以有30厘米粗。因此答案选C。3.B。由第2个题目我们可知竹子一天能长1.5米，那么三天就能长4.5米。4.A。根据第5段第2句Becausetheyhavenomoney可知要选用bamboo。5.D。第2段的倒数第2句中说exceptEurope，由此可知答案为D。(3)Cantreestalk?Yes—butnotinwords.Scientistshavereasonstobelievethattreesdocommunicatewitheachother.Notlongago,researcherslearnedsomesurprisingthings.Firstawillowtree(柳树)attackedinthewoodsbycaterpillars(毛毛虫)changedthechemistryofitsleavesandmadethemtastesoterriblethatthecaterpillarsgottiredoftheleavesandstoppedeatingthem.Theevenmoreastonishing,thetreesentoutaspecial第4页共7页vapour—asignalcausingitsneighbourstochangethechemistryoftheirownleavesandmakethemlesstasty.Communication,ofcourse,doesn’tneedtobealwaysinwords.Wecantalktoeachotherbysmiling,raisingourshouldersandmovingourhands.Weknowthatbirdsandanimalsuseawholevocabularyofsongs,sounds,andmovements.Beesdancetheirsignals,flyingincertainpatternsthattellotherbeeswheretofindnectar(花蜜)forhoney.Sowhyshouldn’ttreeshavewaysofsendingmessages?1.Fro