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用心爱心专心1如何写好英语段落1.明确中心一篇文章必须具有明确的主题(topic),而作为文章的一个段落,则必须是该主题的某个要点或侧面,即有明确的段落中心。为帮助同学们学习和使用这一方法,使段落主题明确,中心突出,下面分别举例介绍主题句、发展句和结论句。A.主题句主题句(topicsentence)是将主题作概括性的陈述,而不提供具体的细节。主题句一般位于句首,开门见山提出主题,随后辅以细节或举例加以说明或论证。请看一个段落:Smokingisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatsmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousdiseasecancer,smokingcanalsocauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itgivesonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforsmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldortheterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?该段落很有特色,从Smokingisharmfultoyourhealth,可看出全段所表达的中心——吸烟有害健康,这就是主题句。然后通过几个句子——发展句,来说明吸烟的危害,倒数第二句话又说…smokingisharmful.这就使得前后连贯、照应。最后用非常有力的Isitworthit?结尾,更是发人深思。主题句在句首是常见的,但有时也可出现在段中或出现在段落的末尾。请看下面这个段落:Peopleinthewesternworlddonoteatsuchhealthyfoods.Theyeattoomuchfatandsugaranddon’ttakeenoughexercise.Becauseofthis,theyputonweightveryeasily.Theirdietcontainsalotoffatintheformofpotatocrisps,potatochips,butter,creamandchocolate.Theyeatalotofsugarintheformofcakes,softdrinks,sweetsandsoon.Theresultisthatmanyofthembecomefat.Andsomehavebadteeth.InsomepartsofBritain,onepersoninten,bytheageofthirty,hasnoteethleft!该段落的主题句出现在段中。其中的第一、二句话不是主题句,而是展示两个原因(过渡),第三句Becauseofthis,theyputonweightveryeasily提出主题。最后,用几用心爱心专心2个句子(扩展句)说明所摄取的糖、脂肪的来源及其后果。值得一提的是,并非所有的段落都有主题句。有的段落就没有主题句,不过其所有的句子都有一个共同的指向,都是围绕一个中心来写,也就说所有的句子都为一个中心服务。B.扩展句扩展句指围绕主题句进行论证、说明、解释的句子,是支撑主题的细节,又叫支撑句或支持句。请看下面这个片段:Moststudentsofourschool,includingme,areagainsttheconstructionofachemicalworksnearourschool.Wethinkitwilldousgreatharmthangood.Thedrinkingwaterwillbepolluted.这个段落展开不够。该段落谈论的是“反对在学校附近建造化工厂”的问题,但是后面的说明太单薄,不够具体全面,特别是根据“在学校附近修建化工厂”,理应简单谈谈修建化工厂对学校的影响。请看下文:Moststudentsofourschool,includingme,areagainsttheconstructionofachemicalworksnearourschool.Althoughtheworkswillmakealotofmoneyforourcity,wethinkitwilldousgreatharmthangood.Thedrinkingwaterwillbepolluted,andthiswilldogreatharmtothepeopleandanimalsaroundit.Alsoitwillmakealotofnoise,whichwilldisturbtheatmosphereofthestudy.Weneedquietplacestostudy.Last,theairoverthecitywillbepollutedtoo.Wewillneverbeabletobreathefreshair.Howcanwelivehereanylonger?这样发展句分三个层次来谈论“反对在学校附近修建化工厂”的原因:先点明“弊大于利”,然后从其所带来的水污染、噪音污染和空气污染三个方面进行说明,最后以一个强有力的问句结尾,发人深思。因此,这个片段就更充实、具体,说理更透彻。(from)说明主题的方式有很多,但不论是哪一种方式扩展细节,都必须为主题服务,能够突出主题。不相关的扩展句则会影响段落的统一性,给读者理解造成障碍。如:WelikeourEnglishteacher.Heis36yearsold.Heisstrictwithusineverythingandheisstrictwithhimself,too.Hehasagoodwayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinterestingandhislessonsarenoteasilyforgotten.Sometimesheisangrywithus,andweareafraidofhim.Healwaysleavesusalotofhomeworktodo.Ifwehaven’tfinishedit,hewilltellustostandfacetofaceatthebackofthe用心爱心专心3classroom.扩展句应该围绕主题组织材料,上面这个段落可说是一个失败的段落。该段落使用了主题句:WelikeourEnglishteacher.按理来说下面的扩展句应该围绕这个主题来组织材料,但后面几个句子:Sometimesheisangrywithusandweareafraidofhim.Healwaysleavesusalotofhomework…直到最后都与主题无关,应该删掉。或另起一段,写这个老师的另一方面。C.结论句结论句又叫总结句,它标志着一个段落的结束,自然应位于一个段落的结尾。结论句可用来重述主题,提供问题的解决方式,对未来进行预测,提出问题让读者去思考,或对全段内容加以概括。结论句之前常常会出现inshort,inaword,brieflyspeaking,tosumup,therefore等词语。请看下面一个段落:LastFriday,Ibookedatablenearthewindowfordinnerinyourhotel,asIwasgoingtotreatmytwoAmericanfriendstoatypicalChinesemeal.ButI’mquitedisappointedwithyourservice.Wewentthereatthetimeasarranged,butthewaitertoldustherewerenoseatsavailable.Afteraboutoneandahalfhours,wewereaskedtoshareatablewithanoldcouple.Thefoodwasnotdeliciousandsomedishesweretoosalty.I’llappreciateitifyoucanlookintothecase.该段落是先叙述一件事,然后以I’llappreciateitifyoucanlookintothecase.结尾,即“通过提出自己的想法”作为结论句,本段的写作目的跃然纸上。但并非所有的段落都有结论句,有的也可采用自然结束的方式。如:Roadswerewashedawayinthepeakarea.Tonsofmudandrockscrasheddownonthehousesbelow.64peoplediedinthefloodandmorethan2,500losttheirhomes.Forsometimeaftertheflood,helicoptersflewtohelpthepeoplethere.Tractorsandtrucksworkedhardtoclearawaythebigrocksandearth.Manypeoplesentmoneyandnecessitiesoflifetothepeopleattackedbythefloodandhelpedthemrebuildtheirhometown.该段就是以自然的方式结束的。该段落先写这一地区遭受的自然灾害,然后用3句话写抗灾情况。该段落没有主题句,也没有结论句。2.合理的组织合理的组织指段落中句子的安排要符合逻辑顺序,做到句与句衔接,意思前后连贯,以用心爱心专心4利于中心思想的明确表达。A.按时间或年代顺序来写对讲故事或写个人的简历等的段落,可按时间顺序写。例如:MynameisLiHua.IwasborninShandonginApril,1965.Istartedschoolin1972whenIwassevenyearsold.IstudiedinYucaiPrimaryfrom1972to1977.Afterthat,IwenttoNo.7MiddleSchoolofPingyiandgraduatedthere.Afterthat,Ipassedthecollegeentranceexaminationin1983andwenttostudyinLinyiNormalCollege.Afterfouryears’study,Igraduatedandcamebacktoworkinmymotherschool,No.7MiddleSchool.Eversince,Ihavebeenworkinghereforabout20years.该段就是根据其个人简历,按照时间顺序来写的B.按空间次序来写在描写段落如参观一个学校,描写一处景点等主要按照空间顺序来写,给读者一个立体的概念。请看一个段落:Letmetellyouhowtogetthere.AfteryoucomeoutoftheFriendshipHotel,turnleftandgostraightuntilyougettothefirstcrossing.Turnleftagainandwalkalongthestreetuntilyoureachthenextcrossing.Thenturnrightandcrossthestreet.Afterwalkingjusttwominutes,youwillseeagateonyourright.Gothroughthisgate.Thereisabigbuildinginfrontofyou.Thelanguagecentreisonthesecondfloor,andyoucan’tmissit.从Letmetellyouhowtogetthere.可知,该段是给“人”指路的,故应以“实际”路线来写,即让人读后能找到“thelanguagecentre”。C.按一定的逻辑顺序来写在描写一个段落时,要重视逻辑顺序,要做到既不片面,又有重点。请看
本文标题:高中英语教学论文如何写好英语段落
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