高中英语状语从句学案

高考英语语法学案2013/7/261专题四——状语从句英语中的状语从句用来修饰谓语或者整个主句按照功能可以分为：时间状从，地点状从，原因状从，结果状从，条件状从，目的状从，让步状从，方式状从，比较状从。1、时间状语从句（1）when、while、as用法一览表。类别作用例句when(atorduringthetimethat)既可以表示在某一点的时候，又可表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。Itwasrainingwhenwearrived.(指时间点)Whenwewereatschool,wewenttothelibraryeveryday.(在一段时间内)注意：when表“突然”whilewhile意思是“当……的时候”或“在某一段时间里”。主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生，从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。在when表示aperiodoftime时，两者可以互换。Pleasedon’ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.Hefellasleepwhile/whenreading.Strikewhiletheironishot.(用as或when不可，这里的while意思是“趁……”)asas表“当……的时候”和when/while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。还表示“一边一边”“随着”ShecameupasIwascooking.(同时)Therunnersstartedasthegunwentoff.(几乎同时)（2）引导时间状语从句的连接词除上述外还有：①assoonas，directly,immediately,themoment,theminute…一……就AssoonasIhavefinishedit,I’llgiveyuacall.Hemadeforthedoordirectlyheheardtheknock.②hardly/scarcely…when,nosooner…than,表示“一……就”Wehadhardlygot/Hardlyhadwegotintothecountrywhenitbegantorain.Nosoonerhadhearrived/Hehadnosoonerarrivedthanshestartedcomplaining.③till,not…until…,until,before,sincebefore用法notuntil强调，倒桩since用法Don’tgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.NotuntilyearslatercouldIrealizethevalueofthatkindofgiving.Hewaitedforhisfatheruntil(till)itwastwelveo’clock.ItwasnotuntilyearslaterthatIcouldrealizethevalueofthatkindof高考英语语法学案2013/7/262givingShehasbeenillsinceshecameback.\谓语非延续，Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since从句非延续，自。。。以来，已经有。。。年。区分：Itistwoyearssincehebegantosmoke.Itistwoyearssincehesmoked肯定句：一段时间，距离+before过了多久才？ItwillbefiveyearsbeforehereturnsfromEngland.Before:1和wewaitedalongime,beforehecameout..否定句一段时间、距离+before过不了多久就Itwon’tbefiveyearsbeforehereturnsfromEngland.还没有，还没来得及，免得hediedbeforehewroteawill.ImustwriteitdownbeforeIforget,.④eachtime,everytime,bythetimeEachtimehecametomycity,hewouldcallonme.注意：表示未来情况，主句用将来时，从句用现在时。2、地点状语从句：where,whereverMakeamarkwhereveryouhaveanyquestions.WewillgowherethePartydirectsus.3、原因状语从句：because,,as,since=nowthat（1）表示不知道的原因时用because,即说话人认为听话人不知道，因此because从句是重要的部分，通常它被置于主句之后。YouwanttoknowwhyI’mleaving?I’mleavingbecauseI’mfull.for虽然表示不知道的原因，但其语气较because要弱得多，是可说可不说的话，它只能置于主句之后，这时，for是并列连词。如：It’smorningnow,forthebirdsaresinging.（很显然，鸟叫不可能是“现在已是早上”的原因。）（2）表示已经知道的原因时用as或since,即某种原因在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉，因此它是句中不很重要的部分。since要比as正式一些，它们通常被置于语句之前。Seeingallofthechildrenalreadyseated,hesaid,“Sinceeveryoneishere,let’sstart.”Nowthat/Sincenooneisagainstart,,let’scarryouttheplan.4.条件状语从句：if,unless,so(as)longas,onconditionthat.incase,once一旦注意if与unless的区别Incaseanythingimportanthappens，pleasecallmeup.Myparentsdon'tmindwhatjobIdoaslongasIamhappy.Youcangoswimmingonconditionthatyoudon'tgettoofarfromtheriverbank._______youstarteatinginahealthierway,weightcontrolwillbecomemucheasier.A.unlessB.AlthoughC.BeforeD.Once高考英语语法学案2013/7/2635、结果状语从句：sothat,so…that,such…that…注意：so+形容词/副词+that从句；such+名词+that从句。6、目的状语从句：sothat,inorderthat,forfearthatincase注意：目的状语从句的谓语动词常与情态动词连用，否则可能是结果状语从句。不可置于句首。Hestudiedhardsothathemightsucceed.ComeearlyInorderthatyoumayseehim.Idarenotgooutforfearthathemightseeme.7.让步状语从句（1）although与though可以引导让步状语从句，不能与but连用。Althoughtheyarepoor,theyarewarm-hearted.（2）evenif或eventhough引导让步状语从句，表示“即使”，“纵然”.I’llgetthereevenif(though)Ihavetosellmyhousetogetenoughmoneytogobyair.（3）while虽然Whileheisveryyoung,heknowsalotofknowledge.(4)whether…or…;whether(….).ornotWhetherornotheagreedwithJohn’sviews,manyofthemthoughtdeeply.Whetherwegotoyourplaceorstayhere,we’vestillgottofindsomethingtoeat.（5）nomatter+who、what、where、how等疑问词，=该疑问词+ever构成whoever、whatever、wherever、however等。Don’ttrusthim,nomatterwhat/whateverhesays.Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepublished.Nomatterhowhardtheworkis,you’dbettertrytodoitwell.（6）as也可以引导让步状语从句。要用倒装。Childas(though)heis,heknowsalot.MuchasIlikeit,Iwon’tbuy.Tryashewould,hecouldn’tlifttheheavybox.7、方式状语从句：as,asif(though)I’lldoasIamtoldto.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.9.比较状语从句：than,as注意：状语从句中从句的省略现象高考英语语法学案2013/7/264（1）连接词+过去分词Don’tspeakuntilspokento.Pressurecanbeincreasedwhenneeded.Unlessrepaired,thewashingmachineisnouse.（2）连词+现在分词Lookoutwhilecrossingthestreet.（3）连词+形容词/其他常见的有ifnecessary、ifpossible、whennecessary、ifany等。高考真题探究（2006—2011年）时间状从〖08辽宁〗Iusedtolovethatfilm______Iwasachild,butIdon’tfeelitthatwayanymore.B.whenC.sinceD.although【2011浙江卷4】OneFriday,wewerepackingtoleaveforaweekendaway______mydaughterheardcriesforhelp.A.afterB.whileC.sinceD.when〖06湖南〗Ihadjuststeppedoutofthebathroomandwasbusilydryingmyselfwithatowel____Iheardthesteps.A.whileB.whenC.sinceD.after〖07江西〗A.whenB.beforeC.sinceD.that〖07安徽〗ThefieldresearchwilltakeJoanandPaulaboutfivemonths;itwillbealongtime______wemeetthemagain.A.afterB.beforeC.sinceD.when〖陕西〗Johnthinksitwon’tbelong_______heisreadyforhisnewjob.A.whenB.afterC.beforeD.since〖09上海〗Youcan’tborrowbooksfromtheschoollibrary______yougetyourstudentcard.A.beforeB.ifC.whileD.as〖06四川〗--Whydidn'tyoutellhimaboutthemeeting？--Herushedoutoftheroom____Icouldsayaword.A.beforeB.untilC.whenD.after〖07天津〗A.untilB.afterC.sinceD.when【2011上海卷36】Ifalotofpeoplesayafilmisnotgood,Iwon’tbothertoseeit,orI’llwait____itcomesoutonDVD.A.whetherB.afterC.thoughD.until〖06广东〗“Youcan