高中英语语法知识点总结

高中英语知识点扫描大全一、定语从句与强调句陷阱题详解1.Thefactorywasbuiltinasecretplace,around_________highmountains.A.whichwasB.itwasC.whichwereD.themwere【陷阱】容易误选A或B，将A、B中的which和it误认为是其后句子的主语。【分析】最佳答案是C，aroundwhichwerehighmountains是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是highmountains，aroundwhich是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数was。请做以下类例题目（答案均为C）：(1)Yesterdaywevisitedamodernhospital,around_________somefruitshops.A.whichisB.itisC.whichareD.themare(2)Themurderhappenedinanoldbuilding,beside_________thecitypolicestation.A.whichareB.itisC.whichisD.themare(3)Nextmonthwe’llmovetoanewbuilding,nextto_________anicerestaurantswherewecanhaveChinesefood.A.whichareB.itisC.whichisD.themare2.Amanwithableedinghandhurriedinandasked,“Isthereahospitalaround_________Icangetsomemedicineformywoundedhand?”A.thatB.whichC.whereD.what【陷阱】容易误选B，认为around是介词，选which用以代替前面的名词hospital，在此用作介词around的宾语。【分析】最佳答案为C。以上语法分析并不算错，但问题是，照此分析，此句的意思即为：有没有这样一个医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选C的理由是：句中的around不是介词，而是副词，意为“在附近”；其后的where引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？3.Davidissuchagoodboy_________alltheteacherslike.A.thatB.whoC.asD.whom【陷阱】此题容易误选A，许多同学一看到题干中的such，再联系到选项中的that，便认为这是考查such…that…句式。况且，这样理解意思也还通顺。【分析】最佳答案为C，不是A，因为在such…that…(如此……以至……)结构中，that引导的是结果状语从句，并且that在从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入such…that…，句末的动词like缺宾语。选C的理由如下：as用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句，修饰其前的名词boy，同时as在定语从句中用作动词like的宾语，句意为“所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩”。有的同学可能还会问，假若选A，能否将其后的that视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢？不能，因为当先行词受到such的修饰时，其后的定语从句应用关系代词as来引导，而不用that。比较下面一题，答案为A，因为like后有自己的宾语him：Davidissuchagoodboy_________alltheteacherslikehim.A.thatB.whoC.asD.whom请再做以下试题（答案选D）：Itwasnotsuchagooddinner_________shehadpromisedus.A.likeB.thatC.whichD.as4.Thebuses,mostof_________werealreadyfull,weresurroundedbyanangrycrowd.A.thatB.itC.themD.which【陷阱】容易误选C，用them代指thebuses。【分析】最佳答案是D。mostofwhichwerealreadyfull为非限制性定语从句，修饰thebuses。类似地，以下各题也选D：(1)Hishouse,for_________hepaid$10,000,isnowworth$50,000.A.thatB.itC.themD.which(2)Ashdownforest,through_________we’llbedriving,isn’taforestanylonger.A.thatB.itC.themD.which(3)ThisIdidatnineo’clock,after_________Isatreadingthepaper.A.thatB.itC.themD.which类似地，以下各题选whom，不选them：(4)George,with_________IplayedtennisonSundays,wasawarm-heartedperson.A.thatB.himC.themD.whom(5)Hersons,bothof_________workabroad,willcomebackhomethissummer.A.thatB.whoC.themD.whom(6)Imetthefruit-pickers,severalof_________werestilluniversitystudents.A.thatB.whoC.themD.whom5.Hehadalotoffriends,onlyafewof_________invitedtohiswedding.A.whomB.themC.whichD.who【陷阱】容易误选A，认为这是非限制性定语从句。【分析】最佳答案是B，这不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词invited并不是一个完整的谓语，而是一个过去分词。当然，假若在invited前加上助动词were，则是一个非限制性定语从句，答案便应选A。比较：(1)Theyputforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,noneof_________carriedoutintheirwork.A.whichB.themC.whatD.that答案选B，noneofthemcarriedoutintheirwork是独立主格结构，其中的carriedout为过去分词。(2)Theyputforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,noneof_________werecarriedoutintheirwork.A.whichB.themC.whatD.that答案选A，noneofthemwerecarriedoutintheirwork是非限制性定语从句，注意与上例比较句中多了一个助动词were。(3)Theyputforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,butnoneof_________werecarriedoutintheirwork.A.whichB.themC.whatD.that答案选B，由于两句之间增加了一个并列连词but，使得该句成了一个并列句。6.OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_________parentsseatedtogetherjoking.A.theirB.whoseC.whichD.that【陷阱】容易误选B，认为这是非限制性定语从句。【分析】最佳答案是A。与上面一题相似，theirparentsseatedtogetherjoking不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词seated不是谓语，而是一个过去分词，因为seat作动词用时，是及物动词。比较以下相似题：(1)OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_________parentswereseatedtogetherjoking.A.theirB.whoseC.whichD.that选B。whoseparentswereseatedtogetherjoking为非限制性定语从句，因为其后有完整的谓语wereseated。(2)OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,and_________parentswereseatedtogetherjoking.A.theirB.whoseC.whichD.that选A。因为句中有并列连词and，整个句子为并列句。(3)OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_________parentssittingtogetherjoking.A.theirB.whoseC.whichD.that选A。theirparentssittingtogetherjoking为独立主格结构。(4)OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_________parentssattogetherjoking.A.theirB.whoseC.whichD.that选B。whoseparentssattogetherjoking为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语sat。(5)OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_________parentsweresittingtogetherjoking.A.theirB.whoseC.whichD.that选B。whoseparentsweresittingtogetherjoking为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语weresitting。7.Ifthemanisonlyinterestedinyourlooks,_________justshowshowshallowheis.A.asB.whichC.whatD.that【陷阱】容易误选A或B，误这是非限制性定语从句。【分析】正确答案为D，注意逗号前是一个条件状语从句，逗号后是该状语从句的主句，that在此代表前文所述的情况，用作主句的主语。类似地，下面几道题也选that，而不选which：(1)Ifyoupromisetogowithus,_________willbeOK.A.asB.whichC.anditD.that(2)Ifyouwantadoubleroom,_________willcostanother￡15.A.asB.whichC.whatD.that(3)Whetheryougoornot,_________isquiteallrightwithme.A.thatB.whichC.anditD.so(4)WhenIsaytwohours,_________includestimeforeating.A.asB.whichC.whatD.that二、常见名词考点透析一、单、复数名词的正确使用[例]Theyhaveallsortsofcourse.(2006陕西高考·改错)[析]英语中，名词有单数、复数或不可数的形式。本题中的course是可数名词，意指“课程”，故应用复数形式courses。二、仅以复数形式出现的名词[例]Happybirthday,Peter,andmanyhappyreturnoftheday!(2000安徽春考·改错)[析]Manyhappyreturnsoftheday!是一句固定的生日祝语，相当于汉语的“祝你年年有今日，岁岁有今朝!”returns在此处便是约定俗成的用法