高一英语导学案初高中英语知识衔接

1第一课时句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。例如：Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.（名词）WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（_______词）One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.（________词）Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（____________）Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（__________）Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名词化的___________词）WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.（_________从句）Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为____________）【总结】主语可由名词、_______、_______、_______、_______、_______和_______等表示。【提示】但在therebe结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：Wearestudents.（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。例如：OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名词）Isityours?（_______词）Theweatherhasturnedcold.（_______词）Thespeechisexciting.（_______词）Threetimessevenistwentyone?（_______词）2HisjobistoteachEnglish.（_______）Hishobby（爱好）isplayingfootball.（_______词）Themachinemustbeoutoforder.（_______短语）Timeisup.Theclassisover.（_______词）Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（_______从句）【总结】表语一般由名词、_______、_______、_______、_______、_______、_______、_______、_______及_______表示。（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：Theywenttoseeanexhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.（_______词）Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（_______词）Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.（_______词）Hepretendednottoseeme.（_______短语）Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.（_______短语）Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（_______从句）【提示】宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。例如：HisfathernamedhimDongming.（名词）Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.（形容词）Letthefreshairin.（副词）Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.（不定式短语）Wesawherenteringtheroom.（现在分词）Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（介词短语）Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（从句）【总结】宾补可由名词、_______、_______、_______、_______、_______短语和_______充当。例如：【提示】带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。3（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容词）Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（_______）Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.（_______）HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（_______）Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（_______）Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（_______）HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（_______）ThemanwhoisspeakingisourEnglishteacher.（_______）（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：Lighttravelsmostquickly.（副词及副词性词组）Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.（介词短语）Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（不定式短语）Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.（分词短语）Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（状语从句）【提示】状语种类如下：Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?（时间状语）Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.（_______状语）Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.（_______状语）MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.（_______状语）Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（_______状语）Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.（_______状语）Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.（_______状语）Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.（_______状语）Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.（_______状语）Iamtallerthanheis.（_______状语）4练习一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.8.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.9.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.10.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.11.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.12.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.13.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?14.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?15.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.16.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.17.Henoticedamanentertheroom.18.Theapplestastedsweet.二、选择填空：()1.____willleaveforBeijing.A.NowtherethemanB.ThemanwhichisherenowC.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow()2.Theweather____.A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcoldC.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold()3.Theappletasted____.A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicelyD.sweet5()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.A.latelyB.lateC.latestD.latter()5.Theactor______attheageof70.A.deadB.diedC.dyedD.deaded()6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.A.We,usB.Us,weC.We,ourD.We,we()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.A.crowdB.crowdingC.crowdedD.crowdedly()8.Ithink_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.A.itsB.itC.thatD.thatis()9.Thedog____mad.A.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglookedD.waslooked()10.Iwillneverforgettheday______Ijoinedthearmy.A.thatB.whenC.inwhichD.where第二课时简单句、并列句和复合句（一）句子种类两种分类法1、按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：Heissixyearsold;Shedidn’thearofyoubefore.2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorsevenyearsold?Marycanswim,can’tshe?3）祈使句：Becareful,boys;Don’ttalkinclass4）感叹句：Howclevertheboyis!2、按句子的结构可分三种：1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主