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名词性从句讲解在英语中,名词可以在句中充担主语、宾语、表语、同位语,个别时候还可以充担宾补,故而,我们把在句中充担主语、宾语、表语和同位语的句子统称为“名词性从句”。根据它们在句子中的语法功用,我们把名词性从句分为四种,即:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。Ⅰ)主语从句①经常用来引导主语从句的词有:从属连词:that(只起引导词的作用,在句中不充担任何成分,无意义。),whether(在句中作状语,体现选择概念,意为“是否”。whether…or…意为“无论……还是……”,“不管……还是……”。)连接代词:who(ever)(在句中用作主语和表语,意为“谁”,“无论何人”。),whom(ever)(在句中用作宾语,意为“谁”,“无论何人”。),whose(在句中用作定语,体现所属概念,意为“谁的”。在省略状态下,也可以用作主语或表语等成分。whosesoever意为“不管是谁的”,这一用法已经很少见。),which(ever)(在句中用作主语、宾语、表语和定语,意为“哪一个”,“无论哪一个”。),what(ever)(在句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语,意为“什么,多么”,“无论什么”。what引导名词性从句时,不少时候并无确切的含义,要根据具体的语境来翻译,一般译作“所……的”,例如:所看到的,所听到的,所想到的,所说的,所做的等等。)连接副词:when(ever)(在句中被用作状语,体现时间概念,意为“何时”,“无论何时”。)where(ever)(在句中被用作状语,体现方位概念,意为“哪里”,“无论何处”。),how(ever)(在句中被用作状语,体现程度或方式概念,意为“多少,多么,怎么样”,“无论多少,无论多么,无论怎么样”。),why(在句中被用作状语,体现原因概念,意为“为什么”。)Thatyou’recomingtoLondonisthebestnewsIhaveheardthislongtime.Itisnaturalthatthey(should)havedifferentviews.Whetheritwilldousharmorgoodremainstobeseen.Whetherthisreadingmaterialcanbeusedforlisteninghasnotbeendecidedyet.Itwasuncertainwhetherhewouldcome(ornot).Itmatterslittlewhetherwewillgoorstay.Ithasn’tbeendecidedwhowillgotoattendthemeetinginsteadofMr.Black.Whoevergetsthejobwillhavealotofworktodo.Whoeveryouarewillbepunishedbreakingthelaw.Whomever/Whoeveryouinvitewillbewelcome.Itisunknownwho/whomhewillinvitetothepartyto-night.■在口语中,或者作介词宾语,介词又不置于其前时,经常使用who(ever)代替whom(ever)。Itwasuncertainwhosespeechwouldbebestoftheten.Whosewonthefirstprizehasn’tbeenannouncedattheconference.Whosesoeverbooksareoverduewillbefined.Whichever(ofyou)comesinfirstwillreceiveagift.Whathedoesdoesn’tagreewithwhathesays.WhatIamafraidofistheirtakinghimtoRavenna.Whathereferredtoinhisarticlewasunknowntothegeneralreaders.WhateverIhaveisatyourservice.Whenshe’llbebackdependsmuchontheweather.Ithasn’tbeendecidedwhenandwheretheywillholdtheclassmeeting.Whyhediditwillremainapuzzleforever.Howthatwasdonewasamystery.Itdependsuponhoweverhardshetries.②主语从句较长时,常常后移,在其原有位置上使用形式主语it。注意:用于下列三个句型的主语从句,其谓语部分通常使用“(should)+原形动词”。在itbe(im)possiblethat-clause中,谓语部分除用should之外,还常可使用would,might,could等情态动词。Itbestrange(unusual,necessary,natural,important,possible,impossible等)that-从句Itbeapity(ashame,nowonder等)that-从句Itbesuggested(ordered,required,proposed,desired,arranged等)that-从句Itisnecessary/importantthatyourson(should)eatbothmeatandvegetabletokeephealthy.Itwasunusualthathe(should)gotoschoolsoearly.Itwasnaturalthatshe(should)thinkso.ItisagreatpitythatTom(should)besocareless.Itisdesiredthatwe(should)geteverythingreadyby12.③whether引导主语从句且置于主语位置上时,不能使用if来替代;若主语从句后移时,有时可以使用if来引导。Whethertheywillwinorlosethegameisallthesametous.Itdoesn’tmatterwhether/ifshecomesbacknextweek.④一般来说,主语从句用作主语时,主句中的谓语部分使用单数形式,但如果存在两个或两个以上的主语从句用作主语时,主句中的谓语部分通常使用复数形式。“Toseeistobelieve”hasthesamemeaningas“seeingisbelieving”.Whathesaysdoesn′tagreewithwhathedoes.Whathesaysandwhathedoesdonotagree.what引导的主语从句有时也要注意前后在数上的呼应一致。Whatweneedisalotofmoney.Whatweneedarealotofbooks.⑤通常情况下,由whoever,whomever引起的名词性从句可以改变成anyone/anybodywho,从而构成一个含有定语从句的复合句;由what引起的名词性从句可以改变成thething(s)which/that从而构成一个含有定语从句的复合句;由whatever引起的名词性从句可以改变成anythingthat从而构成一个含有定语从句的复合句。Whoever/Anybodywhowantstostayinahotelhastopaytheirownway.Givethedictionarytowhoever/anybodywhowantsit.Giveittowhomever/whoever/anyonewhoyoulike.What/Thethingthatwearediscussingisofgreatimportance.Whatever/Anythingthatshedidwasright.⑥尽管that在名词性从句中不充担任何语法成分,也没有自己独特的含义,但是,除个别宾语从句之外,that在名词性从句中不得省略。另外,所有名词性从句,尽管具有疑问的语气,都要使用陈述语序,而且主、从句中的时态要前后呼应一致。⑦下列句型中只能使用形式主语it,主语从句不能前移,以免句子失去平衡:1)itdoesn’tmatter+wh-clause2)itbe+pp.+that-clause3)ithappen/occur(tosb.)+that-clause4)含主语从句的复合句是一个疑问句时Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherhelikesitornot.Itissaidthatthehighwaywillbeopentotrafficnextyear.Ithappened/occurredtoherthatshehadforgottentolockthedoor.Isitlikelythatitwillsnowintheafternoon?⑧“itbe+pp.+that-clause”句型在“itbe+pp.+that-clause”句型中,that-clause是一个主语从句,后移,在其位置上使用形式主语it。这一句型的构成形式有两种:1)当本句型中使用suggest,propose,request,desire,arrange等表示“命令、主张、建议、要求、宁愿、决定、安排”之类的动词时,that-clause中的谓语部分经常使用“should+原形动词”,should有时可以省略。Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputofftillnextMonday.Itwasarrangedthatalltheboys(should)gobybikeandallthegirlsonfoot.Itisdesiredthatwe(should)geteverythingreadyby12o’clock.Itwasorderedthatthedefenseworksbefinishedinfiveweeks.2)当本句型中使用say,think,believe,find,decide,report,announce,hope,suppose,admit,pointout,see,consider等动词时,that-clause中的谓语部分使用陈述语气。itisreportedthat…据报道……itissaidthat…据说……itishopedthat…有希望……itissupposedthat…据推测说……itmustbepointedoutthat…必须指出……itis(well)knownthat…众所周知……itisbelievedthat…据信……itisannouncedthat…据宣布……以此类推,如此等等。Itisreportedthatthousandsofpeoplehavebeenkilledintheearthquake.ItissaidthatMarywillreturnsoon.Itishopedthattherewillbeagoodharvestthisautumn.Itmustbepointedoutthateveryteacherandeverystudentisnotallowedtogointotheunfinishedlabs.ItiswellknownthatHangZhouisveryfamousforitsbeautifulscenery.Itisbelievedthatourcountrywillbemoreandmorepowerfulandbeautiful.ItwassupposedthatMr.Blackhadbeenseparatedfromhiswife.3)有些句型可以改换为:be+pp.+动词不定式结构Itisbelievedthattheconferencewillbeheldnextweek.→Theconferenceisbelievedtobeh
本文标题:高三名词性从句
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