高三英语第一轮语法复习-名词性从句

第1页共9页名词性从句根据句子的结构可分为：①简单句——一主一谓②并列句——由等立连词and,but,so,for把两个（以上）的简单句连在一起构成。③复合句——一个主句+从句（一个或以上）构成。定义根据从句在复合句中的作用，分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。总述1.主语从句——在句中作主语，可用it作形式主语e.g.Whatyousaidsoundsreasonable.Itiswellknown/reported/thought/said/…that…Itisnatural/surprising/necessary/certain/true/clear…that…Itisapity/ashame/anhonour/nosurprise/nowonder…that…Itdoesn’tmatterwhether…Itseems\appearsthat…Ithappensthat…碰巧2.表语从句-----位于系动词之后,表语从句还可用asif/asthough/because/why引导e.g.Thequestioniswhocancompletethedifficulttask.３．同位语从句-----跟在名词后面，进一步说明该名词的具体内容。名词主要有：fact,news（word）,promise,idea,truth,thought,suggestion,hope,proposal,doubt等。一般用that引导，不省略，不用which..也可用whether(不用if),who,what,which,when,where,how,whye.g.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthematchistrue.4．宾语从句1）作及物动词或介词的宾语（it可作形式宾语；注意whether和if区别）2)直接引语和间接引语Idoubtwhether\ifhewillkeephisword.Idon’tdoubtthatourteamwillwin.一．引导词1.从属连词有that,whether,if。它们只起连接作用，不充当从句的任何成分2.连接代词有who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever,whoever,whichever等。它们在从句中起连接作用，本身又作从句的主语、宾语、宾补或定语。3．连接副词有when,where,why,how等，它们既起连接作用，本身又作从句的状语。howmany(much,far,long,often,soon)等引导主语、宾语、表语从句二．语序：名词性从句中一律用陈述句语序Whenhewillarriveisnotknown.Idon'tknowhowIcangetthroughtheexam.三．时态1．在宾语从句中，当主句是一般现在时，其从句的谓语根据各种需要用各种时态Maryisverydiligent.Marywasverydiligent.MaryisreadingEnglish.TomsaidMarywasreadingEnglish.TomsaysMarywillgiveusatalk.Marywouldgiveusatalk.Maryhasbeencaughtintherain.Maryhadbeencaughtintherain.但是，宾语从句表示事实、格言、谚语等，从句的时态仍用一般现在时。2．在主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句中，也要注意主从句的谓语动词要一致，关键要注意动作发生的先后。第2页共9页Whowillwinthefirstprizeinthecontestisnotknowntous.Haveyouanyideawhyhewassorude?四、语气1．只要表示“命令、建议、要求”的各类名词性从句，都要用虚拟语气should+动词原形，should可以省略。五．宾语从句否定词的转移六、if和whether表“是否”，一般情况下可以通用，下列情况下不可通用。1．主语从句句首2．表语从句3．介词之后4．不定式之前5．紧跟ornot6.同位语从句7.宾语从句前移Whethershewillwinthegame,I’mnotsure.七．that和whatthat不充当任何成分，what可以在从句中充当成分：主语、宾语、表语。that在宾语从句中可以省略。下面几种情况不可以省略：1．主语从句2.表语从句3.同位语从句OnceAristotlehadmadeuphismindthatheavyobjectsalwaysfellfasterthanlightobjects.4.it作形式宾语，that引导的真正宾语从句Theywanttomakeitcleartothepublicthattheydoanimportantandnecessaryjob.5.两个或多个并列的that引导的宾语从句，只有第一个that可省Mr.smithtoldtheworkers(that)Johnhadworkedveryhardandthathewantedhimstay.八．1．Whoever=anyonewho,whichever,whatever=anythingthat=名词/代词+（相关的）连接代词Hegavewhoevercametothedoorasmile.=Hegaveanypersonwhocametothedoorasmile.比较：Heaskedmewhobroketheglass.（正确）他问我是谁打的玻璃。Heaskedmewhoeverbroketheglass.（错误）Whoevergoesagainstlawshallbepunished.（正确）违法的人将受罚。Whogoesagainstlawshallbepunished.（错误）2．wh-ever与nomatterwh-的用法区别wh-ever可引导名词性从句，让步状语从句；nomatterwh-只能引导让步状语从句WhateverIsaid,hewouldn’tlistentome.让步状语从句==NomatterwhatIsaid,hewouldn’tlistentome.HewouldbelievewhateverIsaid.宾语从句九．同位语从句的that和定语从句的that的区别1.Thenewsthatourteamhadwonmadeusveryhappy.同位语从句，that在抽象名次之后，对其作补充说明，在从句中不充当成分，不可省2.Thenews(that)hebroughtusmadeusveryhappy.定语从句，that在定语从句中充当主语或宾语，作宾语可省。名词性从句考点归纳一、名词性从句的语序：陈述语序(1)that和whether/if引导的从句Shesensedsomething.Atallmaninadarkcoatwasstaringather第3页共9页Shesensedthatshewasbeingwatchedbyatallmaninadarkcoat.Shewondered.Wouldthebusesstillberunning?Shewonderedif/whetherthebuseswouldstillberunning.2)疑问词引导的名词性从句也要求使用陈述句语序，不能用一般疑问句（倒装）语序。他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。Howwashesuccessfulisstillapuzzle.(F)Howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle.(T)你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？Couldyoutellmewherehelives?(T)Couldyoutellmewheredoeshelive?(F)1.主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分1).Thathewillsucceediscertain.2)Whetherhewillgothereisnotknown.3)Whathesaidisnottrue.4)Wherehehidthemoneyistobefoundout.5)Whoevercomesiswelcome.6)It’scertainthathewillsucceed.7)Howwecanhelpthetwinswillbediscussedatthemeeting.8)Whenthey’llstarttheprojecthasnotbeendecidedyet.由that引导:1.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.2._____________________isknowntoall.(地球是圆的)3.________________________isapity.(你错过了这次机会)Keys2.Thattheearthisround3.Thatyoumissedthechance总结：that无意义,后接一个完整的句子，that不可省。考点一:主语从句后置!为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。例:Thatweshallbelateiscertain.--It’scertainthatweshallbelate.1.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.--2.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.--由连词whether和if,连接代词what,who,which和连接副词when,where,why,how等引导.也常常后置:Itdoesn’tmatterif/whetherheisaforeigner.Itisaquestionwhetherheiswillingtocome.ItisunknownhowshehasreducedherweightinsuchashorttimeIt的用法：（形式主语）第4页共9页It’possible/important/necessary/clear…that……很可能/重要的是…/必要的是…/很清楚…It’ssaid/reported…that..据说/据报道…It’sbeenannounced/declaredthat..已经通知/宣布…Itseems/appears/happens..that…显然、明显、碰巧..It’snowonderthat…并不奇怪/无疑…It’sapity/afact/acommonknowledge(众所周知）/acommonsaying….（俗话说）Itiswellknown/reported/thought/said…that…Itisclear/necessary/certain/true/doubtful…that…Itisapity/ashame/anhonour/that…Itdoesn’tmatterwhether…Itseemsthat…Ithappensthat…考点二注意：主语从句中，谓语动词一般用单数What引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定Whatheneeds_is_thatbook?Whatheneeds_are_somebook?宾语从句：1.从句在句中充当宾语成分（可以作谓语动词、介词、形容词，不定式等非谓语动词的宾语）连词：that,whether,if（that常可省略）who,what,which,whoever,whatever,when,where,why,how1).Theyknowthatthehabitwillkillthem.2).Italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus.3)Iamafraidthathedidn’tcallme.4).Hemadeitcleartothepublicthathedidanimportantandnecessaryjob.5).Ifinditnecessarythatweshoulddoth