高三英语语法总结句子结构的一致性人教版

用心爱心专心122号编辑1高三英语语法总结：句子结构的一致性人教版一.本周教育内容：语法总结：句子结构的一致性二.知识总结与归纳：（一）由and连接的两个名词或代词做主语：（1）这部分主语表示的是两个人或两件不同的事物，谓语动词用复数形式。1.MybrotherandIhavebothseenthatfilm.2.BothriceandwheataregrowninthispartofChina.3.Thepoetandthenovelistwerebothpresentatthemeeting.4.Reading,writingandarithmeticarecalledthethreeR’s.5.JoeandBobaresmart.（2）这部分主语表示具有两个身份或性质的同一个人或一个完整的事物，谓语动词用单数形式。1.Theprofessorandwriterisspeakingatthemeeting.2.Warandpeaceisaconstantthemeinhistory.3.Onemoreknifeandforkisneeded.4.Thestatesmanandpoetwasengagedinwarfareallhislife.5.Lawandorderhasbeenestablished.6.Breadandbutterisourdailyfood.7.Fishandchipsisapopularfastfood.8.ThestarsandstripesisthenationalflagofU.S.A.（3）这部分主语前面有each,every,manya,no等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。1.Eachdoctorand（each）nursewasgivenanewshirt.2.Nosoundandnovoiceisheard.3.Manyaboyandgirlhasmadethesamemistake.4.Everyminuteandeverysecondisprecious.（二）由连词or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso,连接的两个名词或代词做主语时，谓语动词和离它最近的哪个名词或代词的人称和数一致，这就是就近原则。1.EitheryouorJeanistobesenttoNewZealand.2.NeitherhenorIhavefinishedtheexperiment.3.NotonlyhisfamilybutalsohelikesChaplin’smovies.4.NeitherTomnortheBrownsenjoytheirjourneytoBeijingowingtothebadweather.5.GeorgeorTomiswanted.注意：Therebe句型中be的形式由它后面的第一个名词的数决定。1.Therearen’tanylettersinthemailforyoutoday.2.Thereisalamp,twopensandthreebooksonthedesk.3.Herearesomeenvelopesandpaperforyou.（三）名词后面带有with,alongwith,togetherwith,besides,except,but,like,including,aswellas,ratherthan短语共同做主语时，谓语动词与这些短语前面的那个名词的数一致。例句：1.Allbutonewereherejustnow.2.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooksisofferedtothatnationasagift.3.Anexpert,togetherwithsomeassistants,wassenttohelpinthiswork.用心爱心专心122号编辑24.YouaswellasIarewrong.5.Theteacher,asmuchastheparents,istoblamefortheaccident.6.Thefactorywithallitsequipmenthasbeenburnt.（四）动名词，不定式，主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。1.Readingisagreatpleasureinlife.2.Tolivemeanstocreate.3.Thatweneedmoretimeisobvious.4.Whatisneededisfoodandmedicine.（五）表示时间，金钱，距离，重量的复数名词表示数量做主语时，被视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。例句：1.Threethousandmilesisalongdistance.2.Fiftykilogrammesisnottooheavytobecarried.3.Eighthoursofsheepisenough.（六）限定词短语allof…;noneof…;alotof…;以及分数/百分数+of….修饰名词构成的名词短语做主语时，谓语动词的形式由of后面的名词形式决定。例句：1.Noneofthismoneyisyours.2.Noneofthesesuggestionsareveryhelpful.3.Idon’tthinkanyofuswantstoworktomorrow.4.Isthereanymoreofthisstuff?5.Two-fifthsofthestudentsintheclassarefromArabic-speakingcountries.（七）集合名词group,class,family,army,enemy,team等名词的单，复数形式根据它们强调的内容而定。1.Theclasswereallcheerful.2.Thearmyisgoingtoremaininthistown.考点与解题思路主谓一致的考查在高考试题中主要体现在单项选择和短文改错两个题型中。同学们在练习和应试时，遇到这样的题时，要牢记主谓一致的三个基本原则。具体掌握住主语部分的一些关键性的词汇。【典型例题】单项选择：1.E-mail,aswellastelephones,__animportantpartindailycommunication.A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.play分析：A带有aswellas短语的名词做主语时，谓语动词与这个名词的人称和数一致，不受aswellas短语内容的影响。E-mail是单数形式。2.—Isthereanybodyintheclassroom?—No,theteacher,togetherwiththestudents____totheplayground.A.goB.wentC.hasgoneD.havegone分析：C本题考查的主谓一致的内容与上一题相同，从句子的语境判断，应当用现在完成用心爱心专心122号编辑3时。3.EitherJohnorhisfriends__toblameforthebadresults.A.areB.isC.wasD.hasbeen分析：Aeither…or..连接两个名词做主语时，其谓语动词与离它最近的名词的数和人称一致，本题中hisfriends决定了谓语动词的形式。4.Theconductorandcomposer__byacrowdofpeople.A.aregreetedB.isgreetedC.greetsD.havebeengreeted分析：B根据句意，主语部分的Theconductorandcomposer是指一个人即：乐队指挥兼作曲家，所以主语的内容是单数形式。5.—Thetrousers___youwell,madam.—Butthecolor__me.A.fit;don’tsuitB.fits;doesn’tsuitC.fits;don’tsuitD.fit;doesn’tsuit分析：Dtrousers,clothes,glasses,等名词本身就是复数形式。谓语动词用复数形式。color是单数，谓语用单数。6.TheSmith’sfamily,which__ratheralargeone,___veryfondoftheiroldhouse.A.were;wereB.was;wereC.were;wasD.was;was分析：Bfamily指“家庭”为单数，指“家庭成员”为复数形式。第一空格前的which指“家庭”谓语用was.第二空格后的fondof指“家庭成员喜欢他们的老房子”谓语为were7.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho___awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeen分析：D当定语从句先行词是“oneof+复数形式”时，其后的从句谓语动词用复数形式。而当one之前有theonly时，定语从句则强调theonlyone，谓语动词用单数。另外，题目中的时间状语forthreeyears表明从句的时态为现在完成时。8.Threefifthsofthepolice___intheschoolnearthetown.A.hastrainedB.havetrainedC.hasbeentrainedD.havebeentrained分析：D分数+名词做主语时，谓语动词的形式由分数所指的名词的形式（可数名词或不可数名词）决定，police是集合名词为复数形式，根据句子意思，police与train为被动关系，应用被动语态。短文改错片段：1.Nowmypictureandtheprizeishanginginthelibrary.分析：本句中主语Nowmypictureandtheprize是复数形式，谓语动词is应改为are.2.Sometimes,wetalkedtoeachotherverywellinclass,butafterclasswebecomestrangeratonce.分析：本句第一行，根据全篇内容的语境，应当是一般现在时，所以谓语动词talked改为talk.第二行：根据句意：我们下课后立刻又成了陌生人。Stranger应当与主语we一致，改为复数形式，strangers.3.Butnotallinformationaregoodtosociety.分析：主语information是不可数名词，are应改为is用心爱心专心122号编辑4单项选择：1.Everyboyandgirlaswellassometeacherswho___tovisitthemuseum___askedtobeattheschoolgatebefore6:30inthemorning.A.are;areB.is;isC.are;isD.is;are2.Sittingatthebackoftheroombutinfrontofsomeoldmenandwomen__averyshygirlwithtwobrighteyes.A.wasB.areC.wereD.therewas3.Mr.Bush,togetherwithhiswifeanddaughter___goingtoJapannextweek.A.areB.isC.willbeD.wouldbe4.Nottheteacherbutthestudents___excited.A.isB.hasC.areD.have5.Noteveryoneofthehundredstudentswhotookthetest__passed.A.hasB.haveC.isD.are6.Johnis__ofthestudentswho___abletogetthefirstplace.A.theone;areB.theonlyone;isC.one;isD.onlyone;are7.AsIhaveameetinga