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1主从复合句主句是主体,从句只是句子的一个成分,换言之,将句子(除谓语外)的各个成分扩展开来就成了从句。关联词分五类:疑问代词:who(whom/whose),which,what,关系代词:who(whom/whose),which,that,疑问副词:when,where,why,how关系副词:when,where,why从属连词:that(无词义),whether,if,although,afterbecause,before,when,since,assoonas,aslongas只有从属连词没有句子功用,即不担任句子成分。从句分为五类:主语从句宾语从句表语从句前三项都是名词性从句,句中作用如同名词。一般都不用逗号,所用关联词相同:1,连词that/whether/if2,疑问代词who/what/which3,疑问副词when/where/how/why(引导间接疑问句)定语从句状语从句记住一个句子学会一种句法现象。一.主语从句subjectclause,也可分为三种:that引导的主从/由连接代副词引导的主从/what和whoever等引导的主从。1由that引导的主从,用得最多。(that后面是主语)“Thatshebecameanartistmayhavebeenduetoherfather’sinfluence.”她成为画家可能是受其父亲的影响。上面句子看着别扭陌生,换成it引导的句子就熟悉了,因为一般除强调外都后置而由it代替,有五种形式:(1)It+be+adj+that、、、Itisnaturalthattheyshouldhavedifferentviews.(2)It+be+noun+that、、、It’sawonderthatyouarestillalive.(3)It+verb(+object(宾语)oradverbial(副词))+that、、、Itseemsthatyou’reright.Itstruckmethatweoughttomakeanewplan.我忽然想起我们应该制订一个新计划。Itneveroccurredtomethatperhapsshewaslying.我从未想到或许她是在说谎(4)It+beverb-ed+that、、、Itwasrumored(Itissaid)thatyouwassufferingfromastoneinthekidney.谣传说/据说你得了肾结石。(5)It+verbbe+that、、、No,no,itcouldn’tbethattheywereinterestedinhim.不,不,他们不可能对他有兴趣。口语中that可以省略:Itwasclear(that)hiswordspleasedher.显然他的话使她高兴。2由连接代/副词引导的主从Whenhe’llbebackdependsmuchontheweather.Whoistobesenttherehasn’tbeendecided.It’sclearenoughwhathemeant.两种结构都能用,但是it结构更多,有四种形式。2it+be+adj+clauseItwasnotcleartomewhyhebehavedlikethat.我不太清楚他为什么会这样做。it+be+noun+clauseIt’sapuzzlehowlifebegan.生命如何开始是一个谜it+verb(+objectoradverbial)+clauseItdoesn’tmattermuchwhereIlive.我住在哪里都没多大关系。it+beverb-ed+clauseItisnotyetsettledwhetherIamgoingtoAmerican.3由what/whatever/whoever引导的主从Whatwillbe,willbe.该发生的事总会发生。红色为从句Whatisoverisover.过去的事就过去了。Whatevermydaddidwasright.俺爹做的都是对的。Whatevershesaysgoes.一切她说了算。Whoevercomeswillbewelcomed.谁来都欢迎Whicheveryouwantisyours.你要哪个,哪个就归你。二.宾语从句objectclause.1由that引导到宾从,有时that可省略Isuspectedthatitwasatricktogetourmoney.我怀疑这是一个骗我们钱的圈套Whocanguaranteethathe’llkeephisword?谁能保证他会遵守诺言?Youcandependuponit,Ishallbethere.先行宾语(现行宾语中间要有逗号)你放心,我会去那里的。Itakeittheyhaveleftforhome.我猜想他们已经回家了。2由连接代词或副词引导宾从Writemehowyougothome.写信告诉我你怎能到家的Onlyyoucandecidewhothebestchoiceis.只有你能决定谁是最佳人选。Iwonderwhatyoucallthisstuff.我想知道,你管这玩艺叫什么。3由whether/if引导的宾从I’mwonderingwhetheryouwouldcaretospendtheeveningwithme.不知道你是否愿意跟我们共度今宵。IaskedherifImightcallandseeher.我问她是否可以去看她。4由关系代词what引导的宾从Showmewhatyou’vebought.把你买的东西给我看看。IcouldnotexpresswhatIfelt.我无法表达内心的感受Asafriendofyours,IwanttotellyouwhatIhear.作为你的朋友,我想把听到的事告诉你。5作介词的宾从,其他从句这样用较少:Don’tokeyournoseinto探听whatdoesn’tconcernyou.别多管闲事。??6whatever/whichever/whomever这类词也可引导宾从:I’lljustsaywhatevercomesintomyhead.想到什么就说什么。Buywhicheverischeapest.买最便宜的。Giveittowhomeveryoulike.你愿意给谁就给谁。三.表语从句predicativeclause,有二类31由that引导的表语从句Thefactis(that)sheneverlikedhim.事实是她从未喜欢过他。Hisonlyfaultisthathelacksambition.他唯一的缺点是缺乏雄心大志。2由连接代/副词引导的、由关系代词型的what引导的That’snotwhatImeant.这不是我的意思。Thequestioniswho’sresponsibleforwhathashappened.问题是发生了这事该谁负责。Timesaren’twhattheywere.时代不同了。That’swhatIamherefor.这就是我来这里的目的。(四.定语从句attributiveclause没看!!1定从的关联词有二:关系代词(在从句中作主/宾/定)who(whom/whose),which,that和关系副词(在从句中作状语)when,where,why等。例如:Girlwhoworksinrestaurantiscalledwaitress.ThisisJohnson,whosewifeworkatadepartmentstore.2Which和that的区别:关系代词which指物,做主语和宾语。限制性定从中作宾语时可省略。关系代词that,指物也指人,做主语和宾语,指物时与which相同。Therearethethingsthat(which)youneed.这些就是你要的东西。Adictionaryisabook,whichgivesthemeaningofwords.词典是解释词义的书。Whoisthepersonthatisworkingatacomputeroverthere.在计算机上干活的那个人是谁?3在下列情形下,只能用that:(1)先行词是all/everything/nothing/something(有时例外用which)/anything/little等不定代词时。Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyouintown?有什么事我可以在城里代你办吗?That’sall(that)Iknow.我知道的就是这些。(2)先行词为序数词所修饰时。Thefirstthing(that)Ishoulddoistoworkoutaplan.我该做的第一件事是订个计划。(3)先行词为形容词最高级所修饰时。Thisisoneofthemostexcitingfootballgames(that)Ihaveeverseen.这是我看过的足球赛中最激烈的一场。4限制性定从和非限制性定从:意义上可缺否,形式上有无逗号。(1)that引导的定从大多是限制性的。注意:非限制性定从不能使用that和关系副词why,也不能省略任何关系副词,这类从句主要出现在书面语中。如:ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.LastnightIsawaverygoodfilm,whichwasabouttheAnti-JapaneseWar.“昨晚我看了一部很棒的电影,是关于抗日战争的”只是补充说明,翻译时多译成并列句:Sundayisaholiday,whenpeopledonotgotowork.礼拜天是假日,这一天人们不上班。(2)非限制性定从中which/whom常可以跟of或其他介词连用。Mr.Smith,forwhomIwasworking,wasverygenerousaboutovertimepayments.史密斯先生是我的老板,她付超时工资很大方。Thebuses,mostofwhichwerealreadyfull,weresurroundedbyanangrycrowd.公共汽车大多都已满载,周围是一大群愤怒的人。Mykids,bothofwhomstudyabroad,ringmeup,sayingHi,everyweek.我的俩孩子都在国外读书,每周给我打来电话问安。4(3)在限制性定从中,当关系代词在从句中作宾语时,大多可省略,特别是在被修饰的词为all/everything等词时。如:That’stheonlythingwecandonow.这是我们现在唯一能做的事。Allyouhavetodoistofilloutthisform.你只需要填这张表就行了。关系副词when时间状语,where地点状语,why原因状语。Doyourememberthetimewhenhefelloffhisbicycle?你记得他从自行车上摔下来的时间吗?Thebookisonthetablewhereyouleftit.那书在你拉在那儿的桌子上。Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhewassorude.我不知道他为什么这么无礼。(4)注意,有些时间定从并不由when引导,特别在某些句型中。Everytimethetelephonerings,hegetsnervous.电话铃一响他就紧张。Comeanytimeyoulike.你随便什么时候来都行。ShemademefeelathomethemomentIarrived.我一到达她就使我感到无拘无束。(5)在way后面的定从,不跟关系代词或副词。That’sthewayIlookatit.这就是我对这事的看法。Ididnotlikethewayheeyedme.我不喜欢他瞪着我瞧的样子。(6).关系代词which的先行词,有时是整个主句或部分意思,这时which的意思相当于andthis。Theyrelyonthemselves,whichism
本文标题:英语主从复合句大全
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