非谓语动词1117

非谓语动词讲解NonfiniteVerbs非谓语动词动名词分词现在分词过去分词动词不定式1.谓语动词：概述：2.非谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。非谓语动词使用条件Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.1Theteacherssittingtherearefromotherschools.表语2Wesawsometeacherssittingthere.宾语补足语3Weneedtobeactiveinclass.宾语谓语宾语主语定语连系动词非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等.•4.Toseeyouisglad.=It’sgladtoseeyou.•5.Iwanttoseeyou.•6.Iwanthimtoseeyou.•7.Myhopeistoseeyou.•8.Heisthemantoseeyou.•9.I’mgladtoseeyou.10.Iwenttoseeyou.11.Hewentsoearlyastoseeyou（作主语）(作宾语）（作宾补）(作表语）（作定语）（作原因状语）（作目的状语）（作结果状语）•12.Swimmingishisfavouritesport.•13.Heenjoysswimming.•14.Ifoundhimswimmingintheriver.•15.Hisfavouritesportisswimming.•16.Heisthemanswimmingintheriverjustnow.•17.SwimminginSummer,wecangetcool.(作主语）(作宾语）(作宾补）(作表语）(作状语）(作定语）动词不定式（TheInfinitive）一.动词不定式的基本构成：由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定式由not+不定式构成肯定式：todosth否定式：nottodosth.被动式：tobedone完成式：tohavedone二.动词不定式的句法作用法动词不定式有副词，形容词和名词的特征，因此在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语定语、状语等成份。动词不定式Todothatsortofthingisfoolish。Iwanttoseeyouthisafternoon.Allyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.Wefoundahousetolivein.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.Iwarnedthepatientnottoeatcoldwateraftertheoperation.主语宾语表语定语状语宾补(1)作主语不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。Toseeistobelieve．Nottogetthereintimeisyourfault.注：常用it做形式主语，将todo放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。句型1：It+谓语+todoIttakesusanhour___gettherebybus.句型2：It’s+n.+todoIt’sourduty__helpthepoor.Itisagreatenjoyment__spendourholidayinthemountains句型3：Itisadj.for/ofsb.todosth.Itis+adj+forsbtodosthItis+adj+ofsbtodosth（是形容人的品质的）（是形容事物的性质的）Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.Itisagreathonorforustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp.It'simpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.＝Youareverykindtogivemesomehelp.＝youareimpolitetospeaktotheteacherlikethat.常见动词有：口诀：想要决定同意，希望许诺选择want,decide,hope,agree,choose,wish,need,promise(2)作宾语Iwanttoknowthismatter.like,demand,expect,promise,begin,determine,refuse,offer,fail,manage,learn,seem,intend,prefer,forget,mean,prepare,pretend,continue,start,afford,hate等Idon’texpecttomeetyouhere.1).接不定式做宾语1.Theywanted____(get)onthebus,didn’tthey?2.Hesaidhewished______(be)aprofessor.3.Iagreed______(go)therewiththedoctor.4.Mydaughterpreferred______(dance)whenshewasinhertwenties.5.Hehadpromised______(give)meahand.•B.常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词:•tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,learn,explain…know,show,discover,see(understand)•Hetaughtushowtousethetool.•Noonecouldtellmewheretogetthebook.•Ihopeyou’lladvisemewhattodo.Idon'tknowhowtogetthere.Ihaven'tdecidedwhethertogoorstay.beginstartcontinue+tododoing注意下列动词①②likelovehatepreferlearn+tododoing③rememberforgetregret+tododoing④trymeanstopgoon+tododoing1.Boys,don'tforget_____thewindowsbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.A.closingB.closedC.toclosingD.toclose2.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_______onabigrock.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest3.Remember_______thelightswhenyouleavetheoffice.A.toturnoffB.turningoffC.turnoffD.toturningoff（3）做表语：主语+系动词+不定式1).其主语多为抽象名词(wish,need)Mywishistobeascientist.Themainthingistokeepourroomclean.2).betodo可构成将来时态,表“准备/打算/计划/需要”;Sheistoreturnnextweek.Itwasabouttoleavewhenitstartedtorain.不定式动词在介词but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to。Shecoulddonothingbutcry．Whatdoyouliketodobesidesswim?Ihavenochoicebuttogo．(4)作定语不定式作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。不定式常和它所修饰的词有动宾关系。如：Ihavealotofworktodo.Herearesomebooksforyoutoread.Shewasthefirstpersontothinkoftheidea.TheymadeaplantostudyEnglish.HeexpressedhiswishtovisittheGreatWall.注意：如果不定式是不及物的，它后面就应有必要的介词。如：Heislookingforaroomtolivein．Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith．(5)作状语表示目的、原因、结果或条件。Icameheretoseeyou．Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews．Hehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.Tolookathim，youwouldlikehim．(目的)(原因)(结果)(条件)1).目的状语:可放于句首,也可放于句末,前面可加inorder/soas/so…asto表强调.Hewenttoseetheartisthimself.Hestoppedtohavealook.Heransofastastogettoschoolintime2).结果状语:主要用在enoughto/too…to…/onlyto结构中。Thequestionistoodifficulttoanswer.Theyworkedhardenoughtofinishtheirwork.3).原因状语:主语+系动词+adj.+todo表感情的adj.有:happy,surprised,pleased,glad,sorry,anxious(忧虑),disappointed,careful,afraid,wrong.I’mverysorrytoseeyou.Hewasafraidtoleavehimhome(6)作宾语补足语(与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系)1.Mothertoldme___comebackbefore10o’clock.2.I’llgetsomeone___repairtherecorderforyou.3.Whatcausedhim___changehismind?4.Iwishyou___comeassoonaspossible.5.Heaskedme___dotheworkwithhimadviseallowaskbegcauseexpectencourageforcegethateinviteorderwishobligewantwarnremindpromisepermitpersuaderequest…sb.todoseewatchlookathearlistentofeelnotice+sb.+dodoingdonemakelethavesb.beseenwatchedlookedatheardlistenedtofeltnoticed+todomadelet2).Ioftenhearthem(sing)thissong.Didyounoticeanyone(come)in?Iwouldhavehim(wait)formeforalongtime.Lookatthehorsejump.注意：当这类动词转为被动语态时，其后的不定式则要加上“to”如：Heisoftenheard________thesong·Hewasseen_______theroom.tosingtoenterit作形式宾语Ifind/feeltoworkwithhiminteresting．Ifind/feelitinterestingtoworkwithhim．注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。Subject+find/think/feel/make/consider…it+adj/n+todosth.1.Wethought__