音节及音节的划分

音节及音节的划分1．音节以元音为主体构成的发音单位，一般说来元音发音响亮，可以构成音节，辅音发音不响亮，不能单独构成音节（[m][n][l]例外）。从单词拼写形式上看，有几个元字组就有几个音节。2．音节的划分①在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时，一个辅字组属于前面的音节，一个属于后面的音节。例如：let-termem-berchil-drendaugh-ter②在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时，如果前面音节里的元音是长元音则辅字组属于后面一个音节，如果前面一个音节里的元音是短元音，则辅字组属于前面一个音节。例如：长元音pa-perstu-dentfa-therze-romo-torfar-ther短元音sev-enstud-ymoth-erver-ymod-leweath-er。3．重读音节单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时，应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节，标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。4．开音节①绝对开音节：单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节。例如：ba-bystu-dentse-cret.②相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母，再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。例如：namethesebikehomeex-cuse.5．闭音节单个元音字母后面有辅字组（rwy除外）且以辅字组结尾的重读音节。例如：bageggfishnotcup0-056．双音节词重读规则双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。例如：stu-dentChi-nasec-ond;au-tumn;deed；含有a-be-de-re-in-ex-等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。双音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。例如：about，inven-tor7．多音节词重读规则多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。例如：el-e-phantcon-grat-u-la-tion词尾有-ic或-tion,-sion的词，在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读。例如：scientificimpression，nation一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音元音字母读音例词编号a在开音节中[ei]nameplaneJanebabycake1-01在闭音节中[æ]bagdadhatmapblackback1-02e在开音节中[i:]hethesemeChinese1-03在闭音节中[e]bedletpendeskyesegg1-04i在开音节中[ai]bikeflydrivetimenicekite1-05在闭音节中[i]fishbigdrinksitmilkswim1-06o在开音节中[u]thoseclosegohoehomeno1-07在闭音节中[]clocknotboxshopsock1-08u在开音节中[ju:]studentexcusedutyTuesday1-09在闭音节中[]buscupjumpmuchlunch1-10在开音节中，元音字母u在辅音字母jlrs后面时读[u:]音，例如：Junebluerulersuper1-11二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音元音字母读音例词编号a[]Chinaanotherwomanbreakfast2-01[i]orangecomradevillagecabbage2-02e[]hundredstudentopenmoment2-03[i]chickenpocketbeginchildren2-04i[]/[i]holidaybeautifulfamilyanimal2-05[ai]exercisesatellite2-06o[]secondtonightsomebodywelcome2-07[u]alsozerophoto2-08u[]autumndifficult2-09[ju(:)]popularcongratulationJanuary2-10动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读[ei]音，例如：operate2-11u处在开音节位置，又在辅音字母jlrs后面时，读[u(:)]音，例如：JulyinfluenceFebruaryissue2-12在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母aei即可以读作[]音，也可以读作[i]音。三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音元音字母读音例词编号a在[w]音后面[]wantwhatwatchwashquality3-01a在fnskphspssstth前[α:]afterplantgraphaskgraspglassfastfather3-02i在-nd-ld和gh前[ai]findchildlighthigh3-03o在-st-ld前[ou]mostpostcardoldcold3-04o在mnvth前[]comemonkeylovemother3-05四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读音例词编号arar在[w]音后面[α:]carfarmdarksharpener4-01[:]warmquartertowards4-02oror在[w]音后面[:]fortymorningshort4-03[:]wordworkerworse4-04erirur[:]certainlybirdThursday4-05辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如：carryberrymirrorsorryhurry4-06-r音节元音字组在非重读音节中通常读[]音，例如：dollarteachermartyrcomfortSaturday五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读音例词编号are[ε]caredarehare5-01ere[i]heremere5-02ire[ai]firehirewire5-03ore[:]morescorebefore5-04ure[ju]purecure5-05完整的-re音节areereireore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读[]音，例如：picturepleasure非重读音节中-re音节的变体通常发[r]音，例如：salary5-06重读音节中元音字母加r，再加非重读元字组时，元音字母和r构成-re音节的变体，按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母r读[r]音。例如：parentzeroinspiringstoryduring5-07某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如：orangeveryAmericanparagraphforestspirit5-08六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读音例词编号ai/ay[ei]afraidrainwaitdayplay6-01air[ε]airhairchairpairrepair6-02alal在fm前[:]smallballtalkwallall6-03[:l]alwaysalsosaltalmost6-04[α:]halfcalm6-05au/aw[:]autumndaughterdraw6-06ea[i:]teacheasycheapplease6-07[e]heavybreadsweaterweather6-08[ei]breakgreat6-09ear[i]heardearnearclearyear6-10[ε]bearpearwearswear6-11[:]earthlearnearly6-12ee[i:]jeepweekgreenthree6-13eer[i]pioneerdeerbeer6-14ei/ey[ei]eightneighbourthey6-15eu/ew在jlr后[ju:]newfewnewspaper6-16[u:]flewbrewjewelry6-17ie/[s]音后拼写为ei[i:]piecefieldreceiveseize6-18oa[ou]coatJoanboatgoal6-19oar/oor[:]roarboarddoorfloor6-20oi/oy[i]noisepointboytoilet6-21oo[u:]broomfoodtoothschool6-22[u]booklookcookfootgood6-23ou/ow[au]flowerhousecountdown6-24[u]knowrowthrowthough6-25[]youngcountryenough6-26[u:]groupyousoupthrough6-27our[:]courseyourfour6-28[au]ourhourours6-29[:]journey6-30uiui在jlrs后[ju:i]fluidsuicidetuition6-31[u:]juicefruitsuit6-32七、辅字组的读音辅字组读音例词编号b[b]bikebusbag9-01[/]bombtomblambclimb9-02cc在e前或在i/y前[k]cakepicturecoatmusic9-03[s]facedecidecinema9-04ch[]muchchickrichteacher9-05[k]schoolheadachechemistry9-06[]machineChicago9-07-ck[k]cockpocketblackknock9-08d[d]doctorbreadhandday9-09-dge[]bridgefridge9-10dr-[dr]childrendriverdrink9-11f[f]fivefourbreakfast9-12gg在ei/y前[]baggardongo9-13[]orangelargeGerman9-14-ghgh-[f]coughenoughrough9-15[]sorghumspaghettighost9-16gu--gue[]guessleaguedialogueguitar9-17[w]languageanguishpenguin9-18h[h]hotheadhousehand9-19[/]hourhonesthonor9-20j[]jeepjarjokejoinJuly9-21k[k]kindbikeskatemakeweek9-22kn-[n]knifeknowknock9-23l[l]lifemilkschooltall9-24m[m]monkeycometomato9-25-mn[m]autumncolumnsolemn9-26nn在[k][g]音前[n]notshinetennote9-27[?]unclethankhungry9-28-ng[?]morningyoungwrong9-29p[p]paperplanepigshippen9-30ph[f]elephantphototelephone9-31-q/-que[k]Iraqcheque9-32qu-[kw]qualityquitequarter9-33r[r]redrubberruler9-34s在音节开头或清辅音前在元音字母间或浊辅音前[s]sitsleepdesk9-35[z]musichusband9-36sc-[sk]scarletscoutScotland9-37[s]musclescience9-38sh[]shefishshirtwash9-39t在通常情况下在弱读字母iaieio前[t]tenlettermeet9-40[]patientnation9-41tch[]watchcatchmatch9-42th在通常情况下在冠词代词介词连词中在词尾-the-ther中[θ]thinthirtymethod9-43[ð]thethesewiththan9-44[ð]clothefatherweather9-45tr-[tr]treetraincountrytruck9-46v[v]veryvoiceloveleave9-47w[w]weekwinwakesweetwait9-48[/]answer