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贵州航天职业技术学院课程设计题目齿轮轴的加工工艺设计系别:机械工程系专业:班级:学生姓名:学号:指导教师:张宗固目录摘要···········································································1关键词········································································1一、零件图分析·······························································1二、毛坯的选择·······························································2三、工艺分析··································································3四、工艺路线的拟定··························································4五、工序尺寸及其公差的确定···············································5六、机械加工过程····························································6七、齿轮测量··································································7八、结论·······································································8附图:零件图········································································9毛坯图·······································································10齿轮轴工艺过程卡片·······················································11齿轮轴工序卡片1···························································12齿轮轴工序卡片2···························································13齿轮轴工序卡片3··························································14齿轮轴工序卡片4··························································15齿轮轴工序卡片5··························································16齿轮轴工序卡片6··························································17齿轮轴工序卡片7··························································18齿轮轴工序卡片8···························································19参考文献····································································20齿轮轴的加工工艺设计摘要:通过对齿轮轴零件图的工艺分析,确定了该零件的尺寸规格和毛坯材料,通过对零件的工艺分析,确定了该零件的工艺路线和加工方法,编写了详细的机械加工工艺文件:工艺过程卡片和工序卡片。并对零件在加工过程中出现的问题进行简单的分析。关键词:齿轮轴;加工精度;定位基准一、零件图分析齿轮轴在机器领域中应用很广泛,几乎所有的机器中都有齿轮轴的存在,所以齿轮轴在机器设备很常见,但也很重要。零件的形状及其结构如图1所示:图1齿轮轴简图1由图1可知,该零件以外圆Ø60h80046.0mm中心线为设计基准,键槽6N90030.0mm有对称度要求,对称度为0.05,。整个此轮轴外形不复杂,但精度要求较高,最表面粗糙度为1.6,最高精度为IT6。重点加工为齿轮Ø55mm、Ø60h80046.0mm外圆,外圆Ø35k6018.0002.0mm,外圆Ø20r6041.0028.0mm,特别是Ø60h80046.0mm齿轮,要保证齿轮内壁的粗糙度为1.6。齿轮轴为轴类零件,所以毛坯为棒料。材料为45。而且有热处理要求,为调质220~250,故加工过程中要转序。二、毛坯的选择在制订工艺规程时,合理选择毛坯不仅影响到毛坯本身的制造工艺和费用,而且对零件机械加工工艺、生产率和经济性也有很大的影响。齿轮轴是重要的轴类零件,而且材料为45号刚,所以毛坯采用棒料获得。图2齿轮轴毛坯图2三、工艺分析由齿轮轴零件图可知,该零件属于轴类零件,轴类零件的定位基准一。搬是外圆和中心孔。在选择车削步骤时,一般先以一端外圆为粗基准,车出一段外圆,端面并打出一个中心孔;然后以这一加工过的外圆为粗基准,车另一端端面和另一端中心孔。从零件图可以看出,该零件以外圆Ø60h80046.0mm中心线为设计基准,齿轮用以和其他齿轮配合,所以必须保证其精度和粗糙度。该零件属轴类零件,而且零件右端尺寸与左端相差较大,所以在加工右端时刚性较差,可用两顶尖孔定位的方法,以保证基准统一。因此轮轴最小端直径为Ø20r6041.0028.0mm,且工艺过程不长,故顶尖孔不宜过大,选择A2.5即可。零件材料为45号刚,毛坯为棒料。45号刚有良好的切削加工性,加工时不会出现难加工现象。棒料表面光滑,余量均匀,不会产生打刀。因此,该零件的加工对刀具没有特殊要求。零件右端尺寸较小,刚性较差,切削时切削用量不宜过大。零件的最高精度为齿轮Ø55mm、Ø60h80046.0mm、外圆Ø35k6018.0002.0mm、外圆Ø20r6041.0028.0mm的圆柱表面,最高粗糙度为Ra1.6。键槽有对称度要求,对称度为0.05;据此,加工阶段应分为“粗车—半精车—铣—滚齿—粗磨—精磨”6个加工阶段,用精磨来保证加工质量,磨齿加工来保证齿轮加工质量。零件的调质处理安排在粗加工之后,办精加工之前进行。零件结构不复杂,且为中小批量生产,6个加工阶段分别完成不同3的加工内容:粗加工基本成形;半精车加工完成Ø40mm和Ø30mm的外圆及2×0.5的槽,并完成各倒角;铣6N90030.0mm键槽属半精加工,一般安排在半精车后,精车之前;滚齿加工完成Ø55mm至Ø55.10030.0的齿轮,粗磨和精磨加工完成Ø60h80046.0mm、Ø35k6018.0002.0mm和Ø20r6041.0028.0mm的外圆和Ø55mm的齿轮。磨外圆采用纵向磨削法,纵向磨削法磨削力小,散热条件好,可获得较高的加工精度和较小的表面粗糙度。磨削深度较小,磨削力较小,适用于加工细长、精密或薄壁的工件。齿轮加工是该零件的重点加工部位,由于精度和表面粗糙度要求较高,应粗精分开,并安排在其他表面全部完成后进行精磨。经过6个加工阶段达到图纸要求后,要经过对零件的外圆、键槽、齿轮及端面的尺寸、表面粗糙度和形位公差进行检验,确定零件是否合格,在对零件清洗涂油入库。四、工艺路线的拟定工艺路线的拟定是否合理,不但影响加工质量和生产率,而且影响工人、设备、工艺装备及生产场地等的合理利用,从而影响成本。由于该齿轮轴加工精度较高,而且还有热处理要求,零件可以通过粗车和半精车达到部分尺寸要求,洗键槽可以单独进行,零件的最终尺寸公差和表面要求在精车和滚齿工序中完成,所以确定该齿轮轴的加工工艺路线为:下料——粗车——半精车——铣——滚齿——粗磨——精磨——检验——入库。4五、工序尺寸及其公差的确定工序尺寸及其公差的确定方法有引用法、查表法和分析计算法。根据加工过程零件的加工余量大小对零件的加工质量、生产率和生产成本均有较大的影响,加工余量过大,不仅增加机械加工的劳动量,降低了生产率,而且增加材料,工具和电能等的消耗,从而增加市场成本。若零件的加工余量过小,零件在加工过程中不能保证消除前工序的各种误差和表面缺陷,甚至出现产品不合格。由零件图分析可知零件材料采用45,由于零件径向尺寸变化不大,所以毛坯采用棒料,直接下料外圆为Ø66mm长度为234mm。零件精度要求较高,表面粗糙度为1.6,最终加工采用精车,加工工艺路线为“粗车——半精车——铣——滚齿——粗磨——精磨”。零件的各工序余量为精磨余量为0.2mm,粗磨余量为0.3mm,磨齿加工余量为0.5mm,半精车余量为1.8mm,粗车余量为2.5mm,由此可知加工总余量为5.3mm。为了保证零件的尺寸公差,零件的最后一次加工精磨的公差即为设计尺寸公差HT6,其余工序尺寸公差按经济精度查表确定,并按“如体原则”确定偏差。则粗磨为IT8,半精车为IT9,粗车为IT11。根据引用法定该零件的工序尺寸及其公差如下:5表六工序尺寸及其公差毛坯粗加工半精加工粗磨加工精磨加工Ø60h80046.0外圆Ø66Ø62.10118.0Ø60.30003.0Ø60h80046.0Ø35k6018.0002.0外圆Ø66Ø37.10281.0Ø35.30121.0Ø35.20059.0Ø35k6018.0002.0Ø20r6041.0028.0外圆Ø66Ø22.10228,0Ø20.30098.0Ø20.20046.0Ø20r6041.0028.0Ø40外圆—Ø40———Ø30外圆—Ø30———五、机械加工过程粗车时夹Ø46mm并找正车端面见光即可,粗车外圆Ø35k6018.0002.0mm至Ø37.10281.0mm,长度为28mm,粗车外圆Ø60h80046.0mm至Ø62.10118.0mm,长度为60mm;夹Ø37.10281.0mm,半精车外圆Ø35k6018.0002.0mm至Ø35.30121.0mm,长度保证为26mm,半精车外圆Ø40mm至图纸尺寸,半精车外圆Ø60h80046.0mm至Ø60.30003.0mm,长度保证为60mm,切槽2×0.5,倒角C2,Ra3.2。调头夹Ø62.10118.0mm的外圆,平端面见光即可,打中心孔A2.5,粗车Ø20r6041.0028.0mm至Ø22.10228,0mm。长度为53mm,粗车外圆Ø35k6018.0002.0mm至Ø37.10281.0mm,长度为28mm;夹Ø60.30003.0mm,半精车Ø20r6041.0028.0mm至Ø20.30098.0mm,长度保证为53mm,半精车Ø30mm至图纸要求,半精车外圆6加工内容尺寸及公差设计名称Ø35k6018.0002.0mm至Ø35.30121.0mm,长度保证为26mm,半精车Ø40mm至图纸要求,切槽2×0.5。倒角C2,Ra3.2。铣键槽6N90030.0mm至图纸要求。磨齿Ø55mm至Ø55.10030.0mm。粗磨外圆Ø60h80046.0mm至图纸要求,粗磨外圆Ø35k6018.0002.0mm至Ø35.20059.0mm,长度保证为28mm,粗磨Ø20r6041.0028.0mm至Ø20.20046.0mm,长度保证为53mm。精磨Ø60h80046.0mm至图纸要求,精磨Ø35k6018.0002.0mm至图纸要求,精磨Ø20r6041.0028.0mm至图纸要求,精磨齿轮Ø55mm至图纸要求。七、齿轮测量齿轮精度项目繁多,因此齿轮测量比较复杂,
本文标题:轴的加工工艺课程设计毕业论文
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