过去分词专题训练含答案

1过去分词讲与练1.分词的定义:动词的-ed分词即过去分词，是由动词的过去分词构成，一般只有一种形式。2.过去分词的语法作用：过去分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词，在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。一过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。如：(1）感到。。。。。。的，指人时常用过去分词作表语,interested,excited,interested感兴趣的,tired疲劳的,pleased高兴的,surprised吃惊的(2）表示完成的或被动的动作常用过去分词作表语,closed关闭的,lost丢失的,known著名的married已婚的,gone遗失的,worried担忧的(3)seated/dressed/broken/based固定用过去分词作表语;(4）get+过去分词作表语（getpaid/changed/drunk/burnt/lost/hurt/injurieed/criticizeddrowned）例如：Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallygetpaidbythehour.Heisquitepleasedwiththedesignofthedress.她很喜欢那礼服的式样。He_____________afterreadingtheletter．看完信后,他看起来担忧。He___________________attheidea．听到这个想法,他似乎相当高兴。I_____________atthenews．听了这消息我非常高兴。二过去分词做定语过去分词作定语位置前置定语：单个动词过去分词后置定语：过去分词短语意义及物动词过去分词：表示被动、完成不及物动词过去分词：表示完成与定语从句转换Ifoundalotofmovedstudents,whoweredeeplymovedbythemovingfilm.ChinaisstilladevelopingcountrywhileJapanisalreadyadevelopedcountry.Theastonishedexpressiononhisfacesuggestedthatheknewnothingaboutthematter.Theseatedstudentssuddenlyfoundalltheseatswerebrokenones.Weneedmorequalifiedteachers.我们需要更多合格的教师。过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面，相当于一个定语从句。如：Isthereanythingplannedfortomorrow?明天有什么活动吗？Thesuggestionmadebytheforeignexpertwasadoptedbythemanager.过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。如：Thebooks,writtenbyLuXun,arepopularwithmanyChinesepeople.Themeeting,attendedbyonethousandstudents,wasasuccess.将划线部分转换成定语从句Wedranksomeboiledwaterandwentonwithourwork.(=whichhadboiled)Hedidn’tturnupatthemeetingheldyesterday.2(=themegwhihwasheldyesa.)IfoundithardtounderstandtheEnglishspokenbynativevillagers.(=theEnlhwhchwasspoenbynatvevillers.)______________被污染的空气___________落叶三过去分词做状语过去分词做状语结构1.过去分词短语+逗号+主句2.主句+逗号+过去分词短语意义说明动作或状态发生的背景或情景，表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等，表示被动或完成。逻辑主语：主句的逻辑主语与状语从句或“连词+过去分词”结构转换过去分词作状语，修饰谓语，大多说明动作发生的背景或情景，表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等。可转换成相应的状语从句。一般说来，这一结构的逻辑主语是主句的主语。表示被动或完成。①表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念.如：Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylookedlikeabiggarden.AcceptedbytheParty,hedecidedtodevotehislifetothecauseoftheParty.②表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。如：Deeplymovedbythestory,theexcitedpeoplestoppedquarrellingwitheachother.Encouragedbythespeech,theyoungpeoplemadeuptheirmindstotakeupthestruggle.③表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用if等词。如：Givenanotherchance,hewilldobetter.再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。Comparedwithyourbrother,youshouldmakegreatereffortstostudyEnglish.Ifheated,watercanbeturnedintosteam.水如果被加热，会变成水蒸气。④表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。如：Exhaustedbytherunning,theywentonrunningaftertherobber.尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。Laughedatbymanypeople,hecontinuedhisstudy.尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。⑤表方式或伴随情况。如：Theoldmanwentintotheroom,supportedbyhiswife.Seatedatthetable,myfatherandIweretalkingaboutmyjob.将过去分词短语转换成从句。Seenfromthespace,theearthlooksblue.=WhenItisseenfromspace,theearthlooksblue.Keptinrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.=Iftheyarekeptinrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.3Deeplymovedbythestory,thechildrenbegantocry.=Astheyweredeeplymoved,thechildrenbegantocry.Shewalkedoutofthehouse,followedbyherlittledaughter.=Shewalkedoutofthehouse,andwasfollowedbyherlittledaughter.Beatenbytheenemy,herefusedtoletoutthesecret.=Althoughewasbeatenbytheenemy,herefusedtoletoutthesecret.四过去分词作补足语过去分词做宾补意义1.说明宾语的动作或状态，表示被动意义或已完成意义。2.过去分词与宾语构成逻辑上的动宾（被动关系）结构1.介词+宾语+宾语补足语2.主语+谓语+宾语+动词过去分词动词1.表“希望”“意愿”“爱憎”“要求”的动词：want,wish,expect,like,hate,order2.表感觉或思维活动的动词(短语)feel,hear,listento,see,watch,lookat,observe,notice,find,think,consider3.表示“致使”意义的动词have,make,get,keep,leave过去分词可以在see,hear,notice,watch,find,get,have,feel,make,leave,keep等词后与一名词或代词构成复合宾语，用作宾语补语。如：Whenwillyougotothehospitalandhaveyourtoothexamined?你什么时候去医院检查你的牙齿？Whenyouaremakingaspeech,youshouldspeakloudertomakeyourselfheard.当这类句子变成被动语态时，过去分词用作主语补语。如：Oneoftheglasseswasfoundbroken.有人发现其中一个杯子破了。Theyshouldbekeptinformedofthesituationthere.应该让他们知道那儿的形势。完成下列句子Withmanyflowers(plant)aroundthebuilding,hishouselookslikeabeautifulgarden.Theyleftwithoutadish(touch).___________________________________.他昨天拔了牙。_________________________onceamonth.我每个月理一次发。________________________________________你应该说大声点让别人听到。_____.____________________人们发现水被污染了。I____________________onSunday.我想在星期天完成工作。Hewon’t_____such__________atthemeeting.他不喜欢这样的问题在会上讨论。五特别注意1.“have+宾语+done”结构有三个含义①(请人)把某事做完。Shehadherhouserepaired．她请人把屋子修好了。Wheredidyouhaveyourhaircut?你在哪儿理的发?4②遭遇某种意外情况。Hehadhishatblownawayonhiswayhome．在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。Shehadherwalletstolenyesterday.昨天她的钱包被偷了。③完成某事(自己也可能参与)。Ihavehadallmyspellingmistakescorrected．我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。Hehashadonethousandyuansavedthisyear．他今年已存了1000元。2.过去分词和–ing分词作表语的区别过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或感受，而-ing分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征，如：Hearingthenews,wefeltverysurprised.Thenewsisverysurprising.这个消息很令人惊讶。Theywerefrightenedtohearthefrighteningsound.他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。Atthesightofthemovingscene,allthepeoplepresentweremovedtotears.英语中这样的分词还有很多，如：amusing,amused;encouraging,encouraged;disappointing,disappointed;exciting,excited;puzzling,puzzled;satisfying,satisfied;worrying,worried;tiring,tired;pleasing,pleased;interesting,interested;astonishing,astonished等。3.用分词短语作状语时，还应注意在句子主语和分词短语之间不能使用并列连词。如：［误］Notknowingwhattodo，sosheaskedherfriendsforadvice