过去分词作定语和表语.

GrammarThePastParticiple(1)astheAttributeandPredicative我们知道非谓语动词有三种基本形式：现在分词，即V-ing(ThePresentParticiple)过去分词，即V-ed(ThePastParticiple)不定式，即to+V(=todo)今天，我们专门学习V-ed，应该掌握：一、过去分词的基本形式和意义二、过去分词的用法Translationa________candle一支点燃的蜡烛a________stamp一枚用过的邮票lightedused[juːzd]a________coin一枚破损的硬币a________teacher一名退休的教师brokenretiredan________finger一个受伤的手指a__________man一个醉鬼injureddrunken一、过去分词的基本形式和意义1.过去分词是动词的一种非谓语形式,兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征;2.过去分词可以带补语或状语修饰,构成过去分词短语。3.过去分词的基本形式是“V-ed”(如used等);有些动词过去分词为不规则变化形式(如fallen、written等)。4.过去分词通常与其逻辑主语之间存在动宾关系,表示被动或完成。二、过去分词的用法过去分词1.作定语2.作表语3.作补语4.作状语Lookatthedialogueandfindtheuseofthepastparticiple.-Lookattheexcitedboy!Whyishesohappy?-Hehasgotthefirstprizeinthecontest.-Nowonderheisexcited!定语Attribute表语Predicative过去分词作定语ThePastParticipleastheAttribute一、过去分词作定语过去分词作定语有前置定语和后置定语两种1.单个过去分词作定语放在被修饰的名词_____,做前置定语表示_________或_________。fallenleavestherisensunaretiredteacherarespecteddoctorpollutedwateranewly-inventedmachine前面被动(vt.)完成(vi.)作定语表____作定语表____完成被动2.过去分词短语作定语放在被修饰的名词_____,相当于一个定语从句。后面TheStoryofAhQwrittenbyLuXunisfamiliartous.=TheStoryofAhQ________________________isfamiliartous.whichbyLuXuniswrittenThecitysurroundedbymountainsismyhometown.=Thecity________________________________ismyhometown.whichissurroundedbymountainsapicture__________________________一幅由里奥纳多·达芬奇画的画paintedbyLeonardodaVinciIt’sapicture(___________)paintedbyLeonardodaVinci.whichwasawoman_______inwhitedressedThewoman(__________)dressedinwhiteismyfriend.whoisTheplayer________________bymanypeopleisYaoMing.这个被很多人喜爱的运动员叫做姚明。Theplayer___________________isYaoMing.=wholovedislovedbymanypeopleUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountry.=Haveyounoticedthebridgebeingbuiltthere?UnitedStatesisacountry_______________________.whichhasdeveloped=Haveyounoticedthebridge________________________there?whichisbeingbuilt注:此句中的过去分词作定语,只表示完成义。注:此句中的过去分词作定语(前+being),表示被动的动作正在进行。注:有些过去分词表示特定含义时,单独作定语也放在所修饰的名词之后,如left(剩余的),given(所给的),concerned(有关的)等。如:Thereislittletimeleft.Let’shurryup.剩余的时间不多了。我们赶快吧。注:过去分词短语有时亦可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号。如:Someofthem,bornandbroughtupinruralvillages,hadneverseenatrain.他们当中有一些人,生长在农村,从未见过火车。注:如果被修饰的词是由不定代词(everything等)或指示代词(those等)时,即使单个的过去分词作定语,也要放在被修饰词的后面。如:Isthereanythingunsolved?还有没有解决的问题吗？注:一些过去分词不能单独用作前置定语,但与某些名词或副词构成复合形容词后,便可放在被修饰的名词前面,作前置定语。如:astate-runcompany国营公司anewly-bornbaby新生婴儿一家新开的餐馆anewly-openedrestaurantPracticemakesperfect.判断下列句子中的过去分词作定语的意义1.Mr.Smithisaretireddoctor._________2.IfoundithardtounderstandtheEnglish(thatwas)spokenbythenativevillagers.________3.Isthereanythingplannedfortheweekend?________表完成表被动即表完成也表被动(=Isthereanythingthathasbeenplannedfortheweekend?)2.Theproblem____nowhassomethingtodowithus.A.discussedB.tobediscussedC.beingdiscussedD.discussing单项选择1.TheOlympicGames,____in776B.C.,didn’tincludewomenuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobeplayingCC同义句转换1.Hedidn'tturnupatthemeetingheldyesterday.Hedidn'tturnupatthemeeting__________________yesterday.washeldwhich2.IborrowedanovelwhichwaswrittenbyMoYanfromthelibrary.Iborrowedanovel__________________fromthelibrary.writtenbyMoYan用所给词的适当形式填空1.Many______(use)computerswillbesoldinthismarket.2.Thosearetheproblems______(leave)overbyhim.usedleft过去分词与现在分词作定语，有何区别？Asweknow,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.众所周知,中国是一个发展中的国家。Thisisaletterwritteninblackink.这是一封用黑墨水写的信。V-ing表主动,V-ed表被动。fallenleavesfallingleavesV-ing表动作正在进行,V-ed表动作已经完成boiledwater正在沸腾的水烧开过的水boilingwaterdisappointingnewsdisappointedpeople令人失望的消息感到失望的人们excitingstoryexcitedpeople激动人心的故事(感到)激动的人们情感动词的V-ing表“令人...”,V-ed表“感到...”。Practicemakesperfect.单项选择1.Thewoman_____alessonisourteacher.A.givingB.givenC.togiveD.give2.Thefirsttextbooks_____forteachingEnglishcameoutinthe16thcentury.A.tobeproducedB.producedC.beingproducedD.havingproducedAB3.Asisknowntousall,Chinaisa_____countrywhiletheUnitedStatesisa_____country.A.developed;developingB.developing;developedC.tobedeveloped;developingD.developing;tobedevelopedB4.Willyouattendthemeeting_____onSaturday.A.heldB.beingheldC.tobeheldD.holdC(不定式作定语表动作将要发生)用所给词的适当形式填空1.Youwillgetsickifyoudrinkthe________(pollute)water.2.Thisisastatueofabravesoldier_________(sit)onahorse,withagunonhisback.3.Look!Thestudent_________(seat)atthebackoftheclassroomisburiedinanovelwhiletheteacherisgivingalesson.4.Heisenthusiasticallytalkingwithaman________(call)apopularsinger.5.Someofthepeople________(invite)tothepartycan’tcome.6.Haveyounoticethe__________(surprise)expressiononhisface?pollutedsittingseatedcalledinvitedsurprised完成句子1.Thewitness____________________(警察盘问的)justnowgaveverydifferentdescriptionofthefight.2.Theroomisemptyexceptforabookshelf___________________(立在一个角落里).questionedbythepolicestandinginthecornerThePastParticipleasthePredicative过去分词作表语二、过去分词作表语位于______之后,不表示“被动”或者“完成”,而表示主语的状态或者情绪,相当于形容词。系动词1.Theyareexcited.2.Helookedworriedafterreadingtheletter.3.Whenweheardofthis,weweredeeplymoved.4.Hegotinterestedinthetwotheoriesexplaininghowcholerakilledpeople.系动词的分类be动词:“感觉”类:“似乎”类:“变成”类:“保持、仍然”类:am/are/is,was/were,be,beenfeel,look,smell,sound,taste等seem,appear,asif等become,grow,turn,fall,g