定语从句知识结构图解

定语从句知识结构图解概念：定语可以由形容词,名词,代词,分词,不定式以及介词短语等来担任，也可以由一个句子来充当，充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。①指人的先行词⒈先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词②指物的先行词★先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。Hehaspassedthedrivingtest,whichsurprisesallofus.(which替代前面所叙述的事情)先行词①替代前面的先行词（替代作用）关系词的作用②连接主句和定语从句（连接作用）③在定语从句中作句子成分（成分作用）定语从句“三要素”⒉关系词:引导定语的词标准:根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类关系词的分类关系代词：在从句中做主,宾，表，定（that/which/who/whom/whose/as）关系副词：在从句中作状语(When/where/why)⒊定语从句：用来做定语，修饰限定先行词的句子。①限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定修饰作用。定Heisateacherwhoworksatourschool.定语从句的分类②非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用(先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开)语Beijing,whichisthecapitalofChina,isabeautifulcitywithalonghistory.比较:Hehastwosons,whoworkinthesamecompany.(Hehasonlytwosons.)从Hehastwosonswhoworkinthesamecompany.(Perhapshehastwomoresons)句①关系代词在定语从句中作宾语Sheisthegirl(whom/that)Ilovedbefore.(可以省略whom/that)②关系代词在定语从句中作表语⒈关系代词的省略Heisnolongertheboy(that)heusedtobe.(可以省略that)限定性定语从句③关系代词作介词宾语，介词在从句句尾时可以省略Housingpriceisaproblem(that/which)peopleareinterestedin.比较:Housingpriceisaprobleminwhichpeopleareinterested.（此时只能用which且不能省略）①以疑问词who开头的句子中定语从句几个难点Whoisthemanthatisshoutingthere?②关系代词在从句中作表语时用that的情况Sheisnotthegirlthatsheusedtobe.③先行词被thevery,theright,theonly修饰Thisistheverypersonthatwearelookingfor.⒉先行词是人that/who的区别①先行词是one,ones,anybody,all,none,those等Thosewhowanttogotothecinemawillhavetowaitatthegateoftheschool.②句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了that,另外一用who的情况个用whoWhoistheboythatwonthegoldmedal?③在therebe结构中Therearemanyyoungmenwhoareagainsthim.④在非限定性定语从句当中Tom,whoismybestfriend,hasgoneabroadtostudy.①在非限定性定语从句中.Shelostthegame,whichdepressedhergreatly.②关系词置于介词之后,作宾语.ThepenwithwhichyouwriteisJack’s.用which的情况③先行词是that或定语从句中套定语从句,一个关系词用that,另一个用which.LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichisnewlyopentous.①先行词是不定代词如all,little,few,much,⒊先行词是物anything,everything,nothing,none,noone等that/which的区别Shedidallthatshecouldtohelpus.②先行词被all,every,no,some,little,much,theonly,thevery,theright，thelast等所修饰时ThisistheverybookthatIwant.③先行词中既有人又有物时Shedescribedinhercompositionsthepeopleand用that的情况theplacesthatimpressedhermost.④先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.ThisisthefirstfilmthatI’veseensinceIcamehere.⑤定语从句中套定语从句，其中一个关系词以用which,另外一个用thatHebuiltafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.定⑥当主句的主语是疑问词which,另一个用thatWhoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?语定语从句10个难点①As既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以用于非限定性定句中充当主语，宾语，表语等。常用于以下句型当中从★Such/so…..as….像…..一样thesame….as…和…...同样的Acomputerissousefulamachineaswecanuseeveryday.句⒋As引导定语从Heisnotthesamemanashewas.句的用法②引导非限制性定语从句，此时译为“正如，像”等。可以放在句首，句中或句末。AsIremember,therewereanetbarhere.TaiwanisaninseparablepartofChina,asisknowntoall.★thesameas...和thesamethat...引导定语从句的区别ThisisthesamebikethatIlostyesterday.(同一事物)ThisisthesamebikeasIlostyesterday.（同类事物）①When在定语从句中做时间状语，先行词为表示时间的time,day等IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.（when=onwhich）②Where在定语从句中做地点状语，先行词为表地点的place,spot等Canyoutellmetheofficewhereheworks?(where=inwhich)③Why在定语从句中做原因状语，先行词只有reason.⒌关系副词的运用Idon’twanttolistentoanyreasonwhyyouwereabsent.(why=forwhich)★关系副词=相应的介词+关系代词★Where引导的定语从句还可以修饰抽象空间的名词如case(情形)，situation,position(位置),stage(阶段)，point（地步）等Whatarethesituationswherebodylanguageistheonlyformofcommunication?在哪些情况下身体语言是唯一的沟通方式。（此时where=inwhich）①way在定语从句中做状语时的三种引导方式that/inwhich/不填Thewayinwhich/that/不填heexplainsthesentencetousisquitesimple.比较:Thewaywhich/that/不填hetoldtouswasquitesimple.（★way在定语中作tell的宾语）time表示“次数”时，用关系代词that引导定语从句⒍几个特殊②先行词timeThisisthefirsttimethatthepresidenthasvisitedthecountry.的先行词time作“一段时间”讲时，应用关系副词whenThiswasthetimewhentherewerenoradios,notelephonesornoTVsets.（★此时when=duringwhich在..期间）③先行词reason当在定语从句中作状语时，定语从句的4种引导方式why/forwhich/that/不填Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhich/that/不填hecannotcomehere.比较：Isthisthereasonthat/which/不填heexplainedtousforhisabsencefromtheconference.（★reason在定语从句中做explain的宾语）★该结构的关系代词只有两种即介词+which（指物）介词+whom（指人）★该结构介词的选用原则：①根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配ThisisthebookonwhichIspent$8.ThisisthebookforwhichIpaid$8.②根据先行词的搭配习惯IrememberthedaysduringwhichIlivedthere.IrememberthedayonwhichIgraduatedfromuniversity.⒎介词+关系代词③根据整个句子所表达的意思来决定Thecolorlessgaswithoutwhichwecan’tliveiscalledoxygen.④英语中为了强调某一名词，不定式前面也可以加上关系代词。Hereisthemoneywithwhichtobuythepiano.Sheistherightpersononwhomtodepend.定注意:Ⅰ如果介词后移，关系代词可以省略Theperson(whom/who/that)youwillwritetoisTodd.语定语从句10个难点Ⅱ有些含有介词的动词短语介词不能提前如lookfor/after;takecareof;sendfor;hearfrom/of/aboutdealwith等从Thisisthebabythatyouwilllookafter.句①当先行词是oneof+复数名词，定语从句的位于动词要用复数形式TheGreatWallisoneoftheworld-famousbuildingsthatdrawlotsofvisitor⒏定语从句的everyyear.主谓一致②当先行词是theonly+oneof+复数名词，从句谓语用单数形式TheGreatWallistheonlyoneofthebuildingsontheearththatisseenfromthemoon.③先行词如果是整个句子，定语从句的谓语动词用单数GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina,asisknowntoall.Hehaspassedthedrivingtest,whichsurprisesallofus.定语从句可以转换为–ing或-ed形式⒐定语从句的Thegirl(whois)dancingnowjustreturnedfromTaiwan.转化Ilovethestories(whichwere)writtenbyHemingway.Theman(whostands)standingthereismyfriend.①判断从句是否为定语从句（先行词，关系词，定语从句）②准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、宾、表、定、状)10.定语从句的从而正确选定使用关系代词或关系副词解题方法例：Isthisthemuseum___youvisitedafewdaysago?Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld？A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.what注意：Ⅰ.关系代词whose的用法。Whose在定语从句中做定语。